1중앙대학교 심리학과 석사 과정
2중앙대학교 심리학과 박사 과정
3중앙대학교 심리학과 교수
1Graduate Student, Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
2Doctoral Student, Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
3Professor, Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
Copyright © 2022 Korean Society of Stress Medicine.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Funding
This study was supported by Korea Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (20015084) and the Chung-Ang University Graduate Research Scholarship in 2021.
M (SD) | BR | PR | SS | ER | WFC | Lone | Dep | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BR | 2.78 (0.47) | |||||||
PR | 2.59 (0.48) | −.430a) | ||||||
SS | 2.78 (0.48) | .251a) | −.058 | |||||
ER | 2.62 (0.37) | −.392a) | .452a) | .023 | ||||
WFC | 3.33 (1.23) | −.206a) | .207a) | −183a) | .367a) | |||
Lone | 2.00 (0.36) | −.331a) | .223a) | −.308a) | .250a) | .446a) | ||
Dep | 0.56 (0.47) | −.326a) | .232a) | −.268a) | .339a) | .513a) | .523a) | |
Anx | 0.47 (0.45) | −.355a) | .243a) | −.186a) | .334a) | .478a) | .443a) | .783a) |
Variables | Categories | n | % |
---|---|---|---|
Job position | Staff/clerk | 90 | 47.4 |
Associate | 30 | 15.8 | |
Assistant manager | 33 | 17.4 | |
Manager | 18 | 9.5 | |
Associate director | 8 | 4.2 | |
Department head | 4 | 2.1 | |
Directors | 7 | 3.7 | |
WFH status | Full-time WFH | 29 | 15.3 |
Part-time WFH | 159 | 83.7 | |
Etc | 2 | 1.1 | |
WFH experience | 1∼3 months | 36 | 18.9 |
3∼6 months | 43 | 22.6 | |
6∼9 months | 28 | 14.7 | |
9∼12 months | 29 | 15.3 | |
Over 12 months | 54 | 28.4 | |
Frequency of WFH per week | Once a week | 57 | 30.0 |
Twice a week | 64 | 33.7 | |
Three times a week | 33 | 17.4 | |
Four times a week | 11 | 5.8 | |
Five times a week | 25 | 13.1 |
M (SD) | BR | PR | SS | ER | WFC | Lone | Dep | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BR | 2.78 (0.47) | |||||||
PR | 2.59 (0.48) | −.430 |
||||||
SS | 2.78 (0.48) | .251 |
−.058 | |||||
ER | 2.62 (0.37) | −.392 |
.452 |
.023 | ||||
WFC | 3.33 (1.23) | −.206 |
.207 |
−183 |
.367 |
|||
Lone | 2.00 (0.36) | −.331 |
.223 |
−.308 |
.250 |
.446 |
||
Dep | 0.56 (0.47) | −.326 |
.232 |
−.268 |
.339 |
.513 |
.523 |
|
Anx | 0.47 (0.45) | −.355 |
.243 |
−.186 |
.334 |
.478 |
.443 |
.783 |
Direct effect | B | β | SE | t | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BR | BR-WFC | −0.54 | −.21 | 0.19 | −2.89 | .004 | |
WFC-DEP (ANX) | 0.13 (0.12) | .34 (.34) | 0.02 (0.02) | 5.28 (4.99) | <.001 (<.001) | ||
BR-Lone | −0.25 | −.33 | 0.05 | −4.81 | <.001 | ||
Lone-DEP (ANX) | 0.43 (0.28) | .32 (.22) | 0.09 (0.09) | 4.86 (3.21) | <.001 (.002) | ||
BR-DEP (ANX) | |||||||
Total effect | −0.33 (−0.34) | .07 (.07) | 0.07 (0.07) | −4.72 (−5.21) | <.001 (<.001) | ||
Direct effect | −0.15 (−0.21) | .06 (.06) | 0.06 (0.06) | −2.46 (−3.34) | .015 (.001) | ||
SS | SS-WFC | −0.47 | −.18 | 0.18 | −2.55 | .012 | |
WFC-DEP (ANX) | 0.13 (0.13) | .34 (.13) | 0.03 (0.03) | 5.32 (5.05) | <.001 (<.001) | ||
SS-Lone | −0.23 | −.31 (.35) | 0.05 | −4.44 | <.001 | ||
Lone-DEP (ANX) | 0.45 (0.35) | .34 | 0.09 (0.09) | 5.08 (3.88) | <.001 (<.001) | ||
SS-DEP (ANX) | |||||||
Total effect | −0.27 (−0.18) | .07 (.07) | 0.07 (0.07) | −3.81 (−2.60) | <.001 (.010) | ||
Direct effect | −0.10 (−0.04) | .06 (.06) | 0.06 (0.06) | −1.66 (−.58) | .10 (.56) | ||
PR | PR-WFC | 0.53 | .21 | 0.18 | 2.909 | .004 | |
WFC-DEP (ANX) | 0.13 (0.12) | .34 (.33) | 0.03 (0.03) | 5.19 (4.87) | <.001 (<.001) | ||
PR-Lone | 0.17 | .22 | 0.05 | 3.12 | .002 | ||
Lone-DEP (ANX) | 0.47 (0.34) | .36 (.27) | 0.09 (0.09) | 5.42 (3.89) | <.001 (<.001) | ||
PR-DEP (ANX) | |||||||
Total effect | 0.23 (0.23) | .07 (.07) | 0.07 (0.07) | 3.27 (3.43) | .001 (.001) | ||
Direct effect | 0.08 (0.11) | .06 (.06) | 0.06 (0.06) | 1.39 (1.81) | .17 (.07) | ||
ER | ER-WFC | 1.22 | .37 | 0.23 | 5.40 | <.001 | |
WFC-DEP (ANX) | 0.11 (0.11) | .28 (.30) | 0.03 (0.03) | 4.28 (4.23) | <.001 (<.001) | ||
ER-Lone | 0.24 | .25 | 0.07 | 3.54 | .001 | ||
Lone-DEP (ANX) | 0.46 (0.34) | .34 (.27) | 0.08 (0.09) | 5.44 (3.96) | <.001 (<.001) | ||
ER-DEP (ANX) | |||||||
Total effect | 0.51 (0.41) | .08 (.08) | 0.08 (0.08) | 5.96 (4.86) | <.001 (<.001) | ||
Direct effect | 0.27 (0.19) | .08 (.08) | 0.08 (0.08) | 3.43 (2.39) | .001 (.018) |
Indirect effect | B | β | SE | 95% |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ULCL | LLCL | |||||
Total indirect effect | BR-WFC/Lone-DEP (ANX) | −0.18 (−0.14) | −.18 (−.14) | 0.05 (0.04) | −0.27 (−0.23) | −0.09 (−0.06) |
Indirect effect 1 | BR- WFC-DEP (ANX) | −0.07 (−0.07) | −.07 (−.07) | 0.03 (0.03) | −0.14 (−0.13) | −0.02 (−0.02) |
Indirect effect 2 | BR- Lone-DEP (ANX) | −0.11 (−0.07) | −.11 (−.07) | .03 (0.03) | −0.17 (−0.14) | −0.05 (−0.02) |
Contrast | WFC-Lone | 0.04 (0.01) | .04 (.01) | .04 (0.04) | −0.05 (−0.08) | 0.11 (0.08) |
Total indirect effect | SS-WFC/Lone-DEP (ANX) | −0.17 (−0.14) | −.17 (−.15) | 0.05 (0.04) | −0.27 (−0.23) | −0.08 (−0.06) |
Indirect effect 1 | SS-WFC-DEP (ANX) | −0.06 (−0.06) | −.06 (−.06) | 0.03 (0.03) | −0.13 (−0.12) | −0.01 (−0.01) |
Indirect effect 2 | SS-Lone-DEP (ANX) | −0.10 (−0.08) | −.10 (−.09) | 0.03 (0.03) | −0.27 (−0.14) | −0.05 (−0.03) |
Contrast | 0.04 (0.02) | .05 (.02) | 0.04 (0.04) | −0.04 (−0.06) | 0.12 (0.09) | |
Total indirect effect | PR-WFC/Lone-DEP (ANX) | 0.15 (0.12) | .15 (.13) | 0.04 (0.04) | 0.07 (0.06) | 0.24 (0.20) |
Indirect effect 1 | PR-WFC-DEP (ANX) | 0.07 (0.07) | .07 (.07) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.13 (0.12) |
Indirect effect 2 | PR-Lone-DEP (ANX) | 0.08 (0.06) | .08 (.06) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.14 (0.11) |
Contrast | −0.00 (0.01) | −.01 (.01) | 0.04 (0.04) | −0.09 (−0.06) | 0.06 (0.08) | |
Total indirect effect | ER-WFC/Lone- DEP (ANX) | 0.25 (0.22) | .19 (.18) | 0.06 (0.05) | 0.13 (0.12) | 0.37 (0.33) |
Indirect effect 1 | ER-WFC-DEP (ANX) | 0.13 (0.13) | .10 (.11) | 0.04 (0.04) | 0.07 (0.06) | 0.21 (0.22) |
Indirect effect 2 | ER-Lone-DEP (ANX) | 0.11 (0.08) | .09 (.07) | 0.05 (0.04) | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.22 (0.16) |
Contrast | 0.02 (0.05) | .02 (.04) | 0.06 (0.05) | −0.10 (−0.06) | 0.13 (0.15) |
WFH: work from home.
BR: briskness, PR: perseveration, SS: sense sensitivity, ER: emotional reactivity, WFC: work-family conflict, Lone: loneliness, DEP: depression, ANX: anxiety, WFH: work from home, M: mean, SD: standard deviation. p<.01.
BR: briskness, SS: sense sensitivity, PR: perseveration, ER: emotional reactivity, WFC: work-family conflict, Lone: loneliness, DEP: depression, ANX: anxiety, WFH: work from home, SE: standard error.
BR: Briskness, SS: Sense sensitivity, PR: Perseveration, ER: Emotional reactivity, WFC: Work-family conflict, Lone: Loneliness, DEP: Depression, ANX: Anxiety, WFH: Work from home, SE: standard error, ULCI: Upper limit confidence interval, LLCL: Low limit confidence interval.