대원대학교 간호학과
Department of Nursing, Daewon University College, Jecheon, Korea
Copyright: © The Korean Journal of Stress Research
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
| Food Craving | BMI | |
|---|---|---|
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| r (p) | r (p) | |
| Stress | .50 (<.001) | .28 (<.001) |
| Food Craving | .23 (<.001) | |
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| Variables | Category | Normal | Obese | χ2 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| n (%) | n (%) | ||||
| Age | 65~74 | 106 (55.8) | 50 (75.8) | 19.54 | .000 |
| ≥75 | 84 (44.2) | 16 (24.2) | |||
| Gender | Male | 108 (56.8) | 20 (30.3) | 13.80 | .000 |
| Female | 82 (43.2) | 46 (69.7) | |||
| Education | ≤Elementary School | 52 (27.4) | 30 (45.5) | 7.43 | .024 |
| Middle School | 50 (26.3) | 14 (21.2) | |||
| ≥High School | 88 (46.3) | 22 (33.3) | |||
| Living arrangement | Alone | 56 (29.5) | 30 (45.5) | 5.61 | .061 |
| Spouse | 112 (58.9) | 30 (45.5) | |||
| Spouse+child | 22 (11.6) | 6 (9.0) | |||
| Smoking | Yes | 100 (52.6) | 24 (36.4) | 0.84 | .521 |
| No | 90 (47.4) | 42 (63.6) | |||
| Drinking | No | 36 (18.9) | 14 (21.2) | 0.95 | .621 |
| Rare | 96 (50.6) | 36 (54.5) | |||
| often | 58 (30.6) | 16 (24.3) | |||
| Number of chronic disease | 0 | 28 (14.7) | 12 (18.2) | 12.69 | .002 |
| 1 | 84 (44.2) | 18 (27.3) | |||
| ≥2 | 78 (41.1) | 36 (54.5) | |||
| Number of medication | 0 | 24 (12.6) | 8 (12.1) | 18.82 | .000 |
| 1 | 92 (48.5) | 18 (27.3) | |||
| ≥2 | 74 (38.9) | 40 (60.6) | |||
| Exercise frequency (number per week) | 0 | 48 (25.3) | 26 (39.4) | 4.90 | .086 |
| 1~3 | 102 (53.7) | 30 (45.4) | |||
| ≥4 | 40 (21.0) | 10 (15.2) | |||
| Exercise time (hour per once) | 0 | 46 (24.2) | 12 (18.2) | 5.29 | .071 |
| 1 | 90 (47.4) | 42 (63.6) | |||
| ≥2 | 54 (28.4) | 12 (18.2) | |||
| Variable | n (%) | Mean±SD | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI | 256 (100) | 23.95±3.79 | 18.73 | 54.65 |
| Normal | 190 (74.2) | 22.55±1.60 | 18.73 | 24.97 |
| Obesity | 66 (25.8) | 27.98±5.16 | 25.10 | 54.65 |
| Male | 128 (50.0) | 22.82±2.24 | 18.73 | 28.34 |
| Female | 128 (50.0) | 25.09±4.61 | 19.04 | 54.65 |
| Stress | 256 (100) | 17.70±18.53 | 0 | 88 |
| Somatization | 256 (100) | 7.50±8.06 | 0 | 36 |
| Depression | 256 (100) | 6.36±8.10 | 0 | 48 |
| Anger | 256 (100) | 3.84±4.30 | 0 | 20 |
| Food Craving | 256 (100) | 46.71±21.87 | 21 | 112 |
| Preoccupation with food | 256 (100) | 11.82±7.02 | 6 | 34 |
| Loss of control | 256 (100) | 12.94±7.05 | 6 | 34 |
| Positive outcome expectancy | 256 (100) | 14.60±6.70 | 5 | 41 |
| Emotional craving | 256 (100) | 7.25±5.21 | 4 | 24 |
| Variable | Normal | Obese | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Mean±SD | Mean±SD | |||
| BMI | 22.55±1.60 | 27.98±5.16 | −8.41 | .000 |
| Stress | 15.97±17.73 | 22.70±19.96 | −2.57 | .011 |
| Somatization | 6.52±7.33 | 10.33±9.36 | −3.01 | .003 |
| Depression | 6.01±8.36 | 7.36±7.25 | −1.17 | .243 |
| Anger | 3.44±3.98 | 5.00±4.98 | −2.30 | .024 |
| Food Craving | 44.37±20.23 | 53.36±24.99 | −2.63 | .003 |
| Preoccupation with food | 11.39±6.54 | 13.06±8.17 | −1.67 | .096 |
| Loss of control | 12.08±6.27 | 15.40±8.49 | −2.90 | .005 |
| Positive outcome expectancy | 13.89±7.04 | 16.64±6.48 | −3.01 | .003 |
| Emotional craving | 6.89±4.83 | 8.27±6.09 | −1.20 | .235 |
| Food Craving | BMI | |
|---|---|---|
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| r (p) | r (p) | |
| Stress | .50 (<.001) | .28 (<.001) |
| Food Craving | .23 (<.001) | |
| Indirect effect | M | SE | LL 95%CI | UL 95%CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bootstrap result | 0.38 | 0.19 | 0.05 | 0.79 |
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| Causal steps approach | B | SE | t | p |
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| Step1: Total effect (path c) | 0.60 | 0.28 | 2.19 | .030 |
| Step2: Path a | 0.60 | 0.07 | 8.69 | .000 |
| Step3: Path b | 0.63 | 0.25 | 2.55 | .012 |
| Step4: Direct effect (Path c’) | 0.23 | 0.31 | 0.73 | .467 |
Bootstrap sample size=5,000. B: unstandardized regression coefficient, CI: Confidence Interval, LL: lower limit, UL: upper limit, M: mean, SE: standard error. Adjusted for age, gender, education, Number of chronic disease and medication.