1전북대학교병원 간호사
2전북대학교병원 수간호사
3전북대학교 간호대학 교수
1Nurse, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
2Head Nurse, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
3Professor, College of Nursing, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
Copyright © 2021 by stress. All rights reserved.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Funding
This paper was supported by research funds of Jeonbuk National University in 2021.
Session | Purpose | Contents | Activities |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Orientation | • Program and participant introduction • Sharing one’s motivation to participate • Set group rules • Introduction to change stages |
• Writing a pledge for program attendance • Education on the stage of change • How to write a smoking cessation diary • Pretest survey • Providing assignments |
2 | Motivation to quit smoking | • Education on the harmful effects of smoking • Exploring values and recognizing discrepancies between values and behaviors |
• Education on smoking and nicotine dependence using powerpoint and video materials • Quiz ‘Smoking facts’ • Sharing my life values • Check smoking diary and assign tasks |
3 | Enhancing motivation for smoking cessation | • Identify the withdrawal symptoms and know how to deal with them • Identify the advantages and disadvantages of smoking and quitting smoking • Comparison of the benefits and losses of smoking and quitting smoking |
• Education on identifying withdrawal symptoms using powerpoint • Discussion on the pros and cons of smoking • Check smoking diary and assign tasks |
4 | Building self-efficacy for smoking cessation | • Check withdrawal symptoms and coping strategy • Understand smoking and mental illness • Stress management • Refuse the temptation to smoke |
• Check stress level • Education on smoking and mental illness using powerpoint • Practice alternative methods to smoking, such as stretching, listening to music • Role play • Check smoking diary and assign tasks |
5 | Strengthening self-efficacy for smoking cessation | • Identify self-efficacy about smoking cessation • Identify the changes associated with quitting smoking • Overcome barriers to quitting smoking |
• Discussion on barriers to quitting smoking • Watch video (success story of quitting smoking) • Check smoking diary and assign tasks |
6 | Promising smoking cessation | • Reward for successful participation in the program • Encouragement and support among participants • Make a new plan for quitting smoking |
• Sharing one’s impressions of participating in the program • Check smoking diary • Posttest survey |
Variables | Categories | Exp (n=25) | Cont (n=22) | χ2 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | ||||
Gender | Male | 20 (80.0) | 17 (77.3) | 0.052a) | >.999 |
Female | 5 (20) | 5 (22.7) | |||
Age (year) | 19∼29 | 7 (28.0) | 8 (36.4) | 4.592 | .101 |
30∼39 | 5 (20.0) | 9 (40.9) | |||
≥40 | 13 (52.0) | 5 (22.7) | 0.377 | .539 | |
Education | ≤High school | 18 (72.0) | 14 (63.6) | ||
≥College | 7 (28.0) | 8 (36.4) | |||
Religion | Yes | 16 (64.0) | 15 (68.2) | 0.091 | .763 |
None | 9 (36.0) | 7 (31.8) | 0.629a) | .730 | |
Marital status | Married | 5 (20.0) | 3 (13.6) | ||
Single | 18 (72.0) | 16 (72.7) | |||
Divorced, separated | 2 (8.0) | 3 (13.6) | |||
Family cohabitation | Yes | 20 (80.0) | 18 (81.8) | 0.025a) | >.999 |
None | 5 (20.0) | 4 (18.2) | |||
Ward type | Closed ward | 1 (4.0) | 1 (4.5) | 0.009a) | >.999 |
Open ward | 24 (96.0) | 21 (95.5) | |||
Diagnosis | Schizophrenia | 10 (40.0) | 11 (50.0) | 2.762a) | .430 |
BD | 7 (28.0) | 4 (18.2) | |||
MDD | 6 (24.0) | 7 (31.8) | |||
AUD | 2 (8.0) | · | |||
Smoking period (year) | <10 | 8 (32.0) | 8 (36.4) | 5.309 | .070 |
10∼19 | 4 (16.0) | 9 (40.9) | |||
≥20 | 13 (52.0) | 5 (22.7) | |||
Amount of smoking (pieces/day) | ≤10 | 12 (48.0) | 8 (36.4) | 0.659a) | .719 |
11∼20 | 10 (40.0) | 11 (50.0) | |||
>20 | 3 (12.0) | 3 (13.6) | |||
Attempt to quit smoking | Yes | 16 (64.0) | 17(77.3) | 0.986 | .321 |
None | 9 (36.0) | 5 (22.7) | |||
Cotinine in urine | Positive | 25 (100) | 21 (95.5) | 1.161a) | .468 |
Negative | · | 1 (4.5) |
Variables | Exp (n=25) | Cont (n=22) | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean±SD | Mean±SD | ||||
Nicotine dependence | 4.36±3.34 | 5.05±3.11 | 0.725 | .472 | |
Smoking-related attitude | 24.88±7.20 | 24.46±6.86 | −0.207 | .837 | |
Abstinence self-efficacy | 22.08±9.47 | 24.64±9.99 | 0.900 | .373 |
Variables | Groups | Pretest | Posttest | Difference | t | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean±SD | Mean±SD | Mean±SD | ||||||
Nicotine dependence | Exp (n=25) | 4.36±3.34 | 1.68±1.38 | −2.68±3.00 | 1.244 | .220 | ||
Con (n=22) | 5.05±3.11 | 3.41±2.40 | −1.64±2.72 | |||||
Smoking-related attitude | Exp (n=25) | 24.88±7.20 | 31.04±7.20 | 6.16±4.88 | −2.223 | .031 | ||
Con (n=22) | 24.46±6.86 | 26.05±8.21 | 1.59±8.87 | |||||
Abstinence self-efficacy | Exp (n=25) | 22.08±9.47 | 27.32±8.47 | 5.24±7.03 | −2.897 | .006 | ||
Con (n=22) | 24.64±9.99 | 21.82±7.49 | −2.82±11.73 |
a)Fisher's exact test. Exp: Experimental group, Cont: Control group, BD: Bipolar disorder, MDD: Major depressive disorder, AUD: Alcohol use disorder.
Exp: Experimental group; Cont: Control group; SD: Standard deviation.
Exp: Experimental group; Cont: Control group; SD: Standard deviation.