This study aims to identify factors influencing burnout in nurses during COVID-19 disaster situations.

The research subjects were 131 nurses who had the experience of nursing patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, and were selected through convenience sampling. The collected data were subjected to percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS version 24.0 program.

Burnout in nurses showed a statistically significant correlation with anxiety, PTSD, and depression. It was also confirmed that nurses’ depression and shift work were important factors that had significant effects on burnout.

In preparation for new infectious diseases that are expected to become more frequent in the future, a policy to supply nursing manpower and prevent burnout is necessary. In addition, it is necessary to introduce various work systems and develop and disseminate intervention programs for depression and burnout.

Trauma is a physically or emotionally harmful or life-threatening event that negatively affects well-being. Recently, a high correlation between trauma and substance addiction has been recognized. The aim of this study is to synthesize qualitative studies to understand the effects of trauma involved in the addiction and recovery process.

By searching qualitative studies about addiction and recovery, 17 Korean studies (80 subjects) were finally included in our analysis.

We recorded the traumas experienced, and their effects on addiction and recovery. Trauma reduced self-esteem and triggered psychological pain, while addiction was perceived as a countermeasure. As the trauma became accepted, participants acknowledged themselves, realized the value of their existence, and formed trusting relationships with others. Recovery progressed as the trauma healed.

Our study facilitates a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the role of trauma on addiction.

The purpose of this study is to verify the mediating effects of dissociation experience, relationship addiction, and internalized shame in the relationship between complex trauma experience in childhood-adolescence and interpersonal trauma in adulthood.

Two hundred and thirty-eight adults participated in this study. They were administered the Korean versions of the Trauma Antecedents Questionnaire, Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Dissociative Experiences Scale, Relationship Addiction Questionnaire, and Internalized Shame Scale. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, reliability analysis, and structural equation modeling.

First, dissociation and internalized shame had a double mediating effect in the relationship between complex trauma experience in childhood-adolescence and interpersonal trauma in adulthood. Second, relationship addiction and internalized shame had a double mediating effect in the relationship between complex trauma experience in childhood-adolescence and interpersonal trauma in adulthood. Third, dissociation, relationship addiction, and internalized shame had a triple mediating effect in the relationship between complex trauma experience in childhood-adolescence and interpersonal trauma in adulthood.

Therapeutic intervention for revictimization should address symptoms such as dissociation, relationship addiction, and internalized shame. In addition, people with complex trauma experiences in childhood-adolescence require preventive intervention to avoid further exposure to interpersonal trauma.

Childhood trauma is frequently associated with dating violence or intimate partner violence victimization in adulthood. To investigated the role of forgiveness on revictimization in close relationship, We tested the mediating effects with the three components of dispositional forgiveness-self, other, situation on the relationship between childhood trauma and adulthood dating violence victimization.

We measured childhood trauma experience (CTQ), dating violence victimization in adulthood (CTS-Ⅱ), and self, other, situation forgiveness (HFS), among unmarried women in their 20~30s who have been dating at least once.

The results showed that self-forgiveness partially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and adulthood dating violence victimization. However, there was no significant mediating effect of other and situation forgiveness.

These findings suggest that the experience of childhood trauma can lower the level of self-forgiveness, and then increase the risk of dating violence victimization in adulthood. So, the interventions to facilitate self-forgiveness can help overcome interpersonal trauma and prevent revictimization in close relationships. Finally, the implications and limitations were discussed with suggestions for further research.

The study purpose was to describe experience of violence and trauma, needs for support of community mental health professionals (CMHP).

This study had a qualitative descriptive design and qualitative content analysis was used. For data collection, focus group interviews were carried out with 18 CMHP in 3 groups.

Data analysis has been extracted in to 5 domains (safety, stress, coping, support, protection), 9 categories (primary trauma, secondary trauma, negative emotion, burnout, workload, ineffective response, trust and understanding, foundation for protection and empowerment) and 14 subcategories.

From the findings, we could know it more clearly that the community mental health field is relatively high in the risk of violence, suicide case and death of the subjects. However, the pre- post-response measures for the protection of CMHP who has been violently traumatized were very insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare psychological emotional support system along with preventive and post-response measures for safety at the individual and institutional level. At the same time, it is important to create a supportive environment at the peer and organizational level. As a results we proposed that rapid preparation of the materialization of emotional support system for CMHP, mandatory application of two-person-one intervention principle, preparation of guidelines for emergency response, improvement of physical environment for safety, improvement of understanding on mental health work of institutional officials and also supervision ability of mental health senior staffs, strengthening education and supervision system for enhancement CMHP’s capacity are necessary.

This study aims to analyze the effects of traumatic experience and post-event rumination which are known as occurrence and maintenance factors of social anxiety and verify the mediating effect of self-compassion to the relationship between traumatic experience and post-event rumination.

This study targeted 421 university students as research tools. Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), Speech Anxiety Scale (SAS), Traumatic Experience Scale, Post-event Rumination Questionnaire (PRQ) and Korean-version of the Self-Compassion Scale (K-SCS) were used. The study results are as follows.

The results showed that social anxiety was high and self-compassion was low when traumatic experience was more frequent and post-event rumination was more frequent. Self- Compassion showed mediating effect in traumatic experience, post-event rumination and social anxiety. It can be interpreted that self-compassion indirectly reduces social anxiety.

While existing social anxiety-related studies have been mostly focused on negative cognition, this study explored self-compassion as a positive variable to reduce social anxiety. In conclusion, this study shows the importance of self-compassion promotion, traumatic experience and post-event rumination in therapeutic intervention for people who experience social anxiety. Including this, the study has discussed its limitations and made suggestions.

The present study aimed to explore psychometric properties of Korean version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Children-Revised (PTGI-C-R), and related variables.

The PTGI-C-R was translated into Korean and 716 children and adolescents in a general population sample completed a self-report battery.

361 participants reported experiencing of traumatic event and 145 among them showed clinical symptoms. In clinical group, Korean version of PTGI-C-R has exhibited good internal consistency and construct validity. Those who experienced traumatic event reported more PTG than unexperienced group. PTG was positively related with resilience, optimism, and rumination, but negatively related with depression and anxiety, also nonlinearly related with intensity of perceived stress.

This study found the distinct changes of PTG from normative maturation by comparing those who experienced traumatic event and those who did not.