1전남대학교 심리학과 석사졸업
2전남대학교 심리학과 교수
1Graduate Student, Department of Psychology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
2Professor, Department of Psychology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
Copyright © 2022 Korean Society of Stress Medicine.
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Variance | SS | df | MS | F or χ2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Job-seeking stressa) | ||||
EX group | 2 | 17.71d) | ||
WL group | 2 | 5.28 | ||
Self-Efficacy | ||||
Between group | ||||
Group | 42.61 | 1 | 42.61 | 0.08 |
Error | 11827.15 | 21 | 563.20 | |
Within group | ||||
Time | 1930.44 | 2 | 965.22 | 26.48d) |
Time×group | 336.01 | 2 | 168.00 | 4.61b) |
Error | 1531.10 | 42 | 36.46 | |
Experiential avoidance | ||||
Between group | ||||
Group | 3.72 | 1 | 3.72 | 0.15 |
Error | 518.28 | 21 | 24.68 | |
Within group | ||||
Time | 82.99 | 2 | 41.50 | 6.22c) |
Time×group | 53.89 | 2 | 26.95 | 4.04b) |
Error | 280.37 | 42 | 6.68 | |
Depression | ||||
Between group | ||||
Group | 100.55 | 1 | 100.55 | 0.83 |
Error | 2543.42 | 21 | 121.12 | |
Within group | ||||
Time | 607.24 | 2 | 303.62 | 11.33d) |
Time×group | 480.98 | 2 | 240.49 | 8.98d) |
Error | 1125.39 | 42 | 26.80 | |
Anxiety | ||||
Between group | ||||
Group | 0.00 | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Error | 3014.40 | 21 | 143.54 | |
Within group | ||||
Time | 235.71 | 2 | 117.85 | 5.46c) |
Time×group | 209.50 | 2 | 104.75 | 4.85b) |
Error | 907.31 | 42 | 21.60 |
Variables | Experimental group (n=12) | Wait-list control group (n=10) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | χ2=0.78 | |||
n (%) | Male | 3 (25.0%) | 2 (20.0%) | |
Female | 9 (75.0%) | 8 (80.0%) | ||
Gender | χ2=0.50 | |||
n (%) | 1 | 1 (8.3%) | 3 (30.0%) | |
2 | 3 (25.0%) | 2 (20.0%) | ||
3 | 4 (33.3%) | 2 (20.0%) | ||
4 | 4 (33.3%) | 2 (20.0%) | ||
5 | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | ||
Age | 21.67 (2.10) | 21.70 (2.36) | t=0.97 | |
M (SD) |
Stage | Session | Thema | Contents | Activity |
---|---|---|---|---|
Introduction | 1 | ACT explain, recognize stress | ∙ Understanding the concept of ACT and mindfulness | ∙ ‘Fnding stress’ |
∙ Checking the change agenda | ∙ ‘Tug of war with monster’ | |||
∙ Handout: finding stress | ||||
Intervention | 2 | Unable to control one’s emotion, experiential avoidance | ∙ Knowing about ineffectiveness of controls | ∙ Explore experiential avoidance using ‘finding stress’ |
∙ What is experiential avoidance | ||||
∙ Effort to relieve stress really work? | ||||
3 | Cognitive fusion and defusion | ∙ The function and action of ‘thinking’ | ∙ ‘Your mind is not your friend’ | |
∙ Cognitive defusion | ∙ Bad cup metaphor | |||
∙ Handout: watching thought on leaves | ∙ ‘Milk, milk, milk’ | |||
4 | Disidentification, observing self, acceptance and ‘willingness’ | ∙ Conceptualized self and self-identification | ∙ Mindfulness eating | |
∙ Being present (here and now) | ∙ Willingness using card | |||
∙ Handout: willingness card | ||||
5 | Values, prioritizing values | ∙ What is value | ∙ Chess and chessboard metaphor | |
∙ Finding values | ∙ Making tombstone | |||
∙ Getting job is value or goal of life? | ∙ Prioritizing values | |||
∙ Handout: ten value area, making tombstone | ||||
Conclusion | 6 | Setting goals based on value | ∙ Meaning of getting job | ∙ Make own practice plan |
∙ Organize key treatment elements for each session | ∙ Sharing feeling and thought | |||
∙ Handout: making goal |
Experimental group (n=12) |
Wait list control group (n=10) |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | Follow | Pre | Post | Follow | |
Mean (SD) |
||||||
Job-seeking stress | 76.25 (13.67) | 52.58 (9.70) | 52.67 (9.46) | 78.70 (10.84) | 73.40 (8.92) | 73.30 (9.31) |
Self-efficacy | 75.42 (11.17) | 91.33 (8.92) | 91.33 (9.25) | 75.90 (13.48) | 82.60 (12.76) | 83.20 (15.08) |
Experiential avoidance | 19.42 (2.35) | 15.50 (3.09) | 15.42 (3.03) | 18.80 (3.12) | 18.30 (2.95) | 17.30 (2.58) |
Anxiety | 16.92 (9.60) | 10.00 (8.11) | 8.75 (7.52) | 13.00 (5.01) | 12.80 (6.66) | 12.30 (8.86) |
Depression | 22.75 (9.44) | 11.42 (5.90) | 10.58 (4.66) | 18.60 (6.72) | 19.00 (9.80) | 16.80 (8.05) |
Variance | SS | df | MS | F or χ2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Job-seeking stress |
||||
EX group | 2 | 17.71 |
||
WL group | 2 | 5.28 | ||
Self-Efficacy | ||||
Between group | ||||
Group | 42.61 | 1 | 42.61 | 0.08 |
Error | 11827.15 | 21 | 563.20 | |
Within group | ||||
Time | 1930.44 | 2 | 965.22 | 26.48 |
Time×group | 336.01 | 2 | 168.00 | 4.61 |
Error | 1531.10 | 42 | 36.46 | |
Experiential avoidance | ||||
Between group | ||||
Group | 3.72 | 1 | 3.72 | 0.15 |
Error | 518.28 | 21 | 24.68 | |
Within group | ||||
Time | 82.99 | 2 | 41.50 | 6.22 |
Time×group | 53.89 | 2 | 26.95 | 4.04 |
Error | 280.37 | 42 | 6.68 | |
Depression | ||||
Between group | ||||
Group | 100.55 | 1 | 100.55 | 0.83 |
Error | 2543.42 | 21 | 121.12 | |
Within group | ||||
Time | 607.24 | 2 | 303.62 | 11.33 |
Time×group | 480.98 | 2 | 240.49 | 8.98 |
Error | 1125.39 | 42 | 26.80 | |
Anxiety | ||||
Between group | ||||
Group | 0.00 | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Error | 3014.40 | 21 | 143.54 | |
Within group | ||||
Time | 235.71 | 2 | 117.85 | 5.46 |
Time×group | 209.50 | 2 | 104.75 | 4.85 |
Error | 907.31 | 42 | 21.60 |
M: Mean, SD: Standard deviation, χ2: Chi-squared test, t: independent sample t-test.
ACT: acceptance and commitment therapy, in all session mindfulness breathing was performed.
SD: Standard deviation.
Friedman test, p<.05, p<.01, p<.001. SS: sum of squares of deviation, df: degrees of freedom, MS: mean square, EX group: experimental group, WL group: wait-list control group.