1중앙대학교 심리학과 박사 과정
2중앙대학교 심리학과 교수
1Ph.D. Student, Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
2Professor, Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
Copyright © 2022 Korean Society of Stress Medicine.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Funding
This research was supported by the Chung-Ang University Graduate Research Scholarship in 2020 and the Center for Military Human Rights Korea through a grant, the Sharing and Dream Project in 2020, funded by Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. and the Community Chest of Korea.
Session | Subject & components | Session activities | Assignments | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-meeting | ∙ Introduction & information about program | ∙ Psychological evaluation of the participant by unstructured interview | ||
∙ Provide guidance about the program procedure | ||||
1 | ∙ Identifying counseling goals | ∙ Stabilization technique 1: breading relaxation | ∙ Practice breading relaxation | |
∙ Introduction about psychological stabilization | ||||
2 | ∙ Psycho-education about trauma response | ∙ Normalization about trauma response | ∙ Practice grounding technique | |
∙ Stabilization technique 2: grounding technique | ||||
3 | ∙ Introduction of SUDS | ∙ ‘Thermometer of Mind’ (SUDS) | ∙ Practice safe place | |
∙ Understanding the trigger of the traumatic events | ∙ Stabilization technique 3: safe place | ∙ ‘Thermometer of mind’ worksheet | ||
4 | ∙ Encouraging self-care activities | ∙ Learning self-care activities about sleep, eatery habits and physical health | ∙ Practice any stabilization technique | |
∙ ‘Thermometer of mind’ & self-care worksheets | ||||
5 | ∙ Encouraging long-term self-care activities | ∙ Extending long-term goal of self-care activities | ||
∙ Review previous sessions | ∙ A recurrence prevention plan |
Variables | Categories | n (%) |
---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 7 (100) |
Female | 0 (0) | |
Age (year) | 20~30 | 6 (85.7) |
30≤ | 1 (14.3) | |
Education | ≤High school | 5 (71.4) |
≥University | 2 (28.6) | |
Military service form | Active service | 5 (71.4) |
Alternative service | 2 (28.6) | |
Occupation | Office job | 1 (14.3) |
Student | 3 (42.8) | |
Career soldier | 1 (14.3) | |
Public service worker | 2 (28.6) | |
Number of interpersonal trauma experiences | Single-blow | 0 (0) |
Repeated | 7 (100) | |
Duration of interpersonal trauma experiences | Less than 1 to 6 months | 2 (28.6) |
6 months to less than 1 year | 2 (28.6) | |
More than 1 year | 3 (42.8) |
Variables | Baseline (A) |
Pre (B) |
Post (C) |
Follow up (D) |
B-A |
C-B |
D-C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean±SD | Mean±SD | Mean±SD | Mean±SD | Z (p) | Z (p) | Z (p) | |
PCL-5 | 46.29±18.36 | 49.00±24.55 | 25.71±14.23 | 19.29±14.16 | −0.508 (.611) | −2.028 (.043) | −1.778 (.075) |
STAI | 57.43±9.03 | 60.14±13.26 | 45.29±12.88 | 40.86±13.50 | −0.851 (.395) | −2.366 (.018) | −1.101 (.271) |
PHQ-9 | 21.86±5.87 | 21.43±7.04 | 15.00±5.45 | 11.57±6.21 | −0.677 (.498) | −2.371 (.018) | −1.892 (.058) |
ISI | 11.43±5.68 | 12.29±6.05 | 7.57±5.65 | 5.14±4.02 | −0.687 (.492) | −1.866 (.062) | −1.483 (.138) |
K-AAQ−II | 23.29±10.53 | 23.86±9.19 | 34.00±10.63 | 34.71±6.73 | −0.170 (.865) | −2.366 (.018) | −0.851 (.395) |
SUDS: Subjective units of distress scale.
Wilcoxon signed rank test. PCL-5: PTSD Checklist-5, STAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9, ISI: Insomnia Severity Index, K-AAQ-II: Korean Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, SD: Standard deviation.