서울대학교 간호대학 박사과정
Doctoral Student, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Copyright © 2021 by stress. All rights reserved.
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Variables | Categories | n (%) or M±SD |
---|---|---|
Gender | Men | 4 (4.1) |
Women | 93 (95.9) | |
Age (year) | 28.98±4.38 | |
≤25 | 29 (29.9) | |
26∼30 | 34 (35.1) | |
31∼35 | 23 (23.7) | |
36∼40 | 11 (11.3) | |
Education level | Bachelor’s degree | 88 (90.7) |
Master’s degree | 9 (9.3) | |
Marital status | Single | 72 (74.2) |
Married | 25 (25.8) | |
Work unit | Medical ward | 21 (21.6) |
Surgical ward | 19 (19.6) | |
Medical ICU | 15 (15.5) | |
Surgical ICU | 20 (20.6) | |
Others | 22 (22.7) | |
Clinical career (year) | 5.79±4.36 | |
<3 | 31 (32.0) | |
3 to less than 5 | 21 (21.6) | |
5 to less than 10 | 27 (27.8) | |
≥10 | 18 (18.6) | |
Type of shift work | 8 hour shifts (3 shifts) | 84 (86.6) |
12 hour shifts (2 shifts) | 12 (12.4) | |
Night shift fixed | 1 (1.0) | |
Quantitative demands at work | Low | 5 (5.2) |
Average | 67 (69.1) | |
High | 24 (24.7) | |
Average hours of sleep per day | 6.84±1.48 | |
<6 | 14 (14.4) | |
6 to less than 9 | 73 (75.3) | |
≥9 | 10 (10.3) | |
Average number of night shifts per month | 6.53±1.46 | |
≤5 | 10 (10.3) | |
6∼7 | 62 (63.9) | |
≥8 | 25 (25.8) | |
Average number of days off per month | 9.95±1.88 | |
<9 | 11 (11.5) | |
9∼10 | 70 (72.9) | |
11∼12 | 5 (5.2) | |
≥13 | 10 (10.4) | |
Time required to commute (min) | 46.03±31.22 | |
<30 | 20 (20.6) | |
30 to less than 60 | 42 (43.3) | |
60 to less than 90 | 26 (26.8) | |
≥90 | 9 (9.3) |
Variables | Range | M±SD | |
---|---|---|---|
Physical symptoms | 0∼16 | 7.29±3.18 | |
Sleep quality | Subjective sleep quality | 1.70±0.58 | |
Sleep latency | 1.87±0.96 | ||
Sleep duration | 1.14±0.92 | ||
Habitual sleep efficiency | 0.90±1.10 | ||
Sleep disturbance | 1.21±0.50 | ||
Use of sleep medication | 0.14±0.56 | ||
Daytime dysfunction | 1.67±0.66 | ||
PSQI score | 2∼18 | 8.63±3.33 | |
Fatigue | 1.5∼10 | 7.38±1.48 | |
Health promoting behaviors | Health responsibility | 1.97±0.48 | |
Physical activity | 1.84±0.64 | ||
Nutrition | 2.06±0.47 | ||
Spiritual growth | 2.35±0.59 | ||
Interpersonal relations | 2.71±0.46 | ||
Stress management | 2.13±0.44 | ||
HPLP II score | 1.33∼3.52 | 2.18±0.42 | |
Job satisfaction | 0∼3 | 1.52±0.61 |
Variables | Categories | Physical symptoms | Sleep quality | Fatigue | Health promoting behaviors | Job satisfaction | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M±SD | t or F (p) | M±SD | t or F (p) | M±SD | t or F (p) | M±SD | t or F (p) | M±SD | t or F or χ2 (p) | ||||||
Gender | Men | 7.25±2.50 | −0.03 (.980) | 7.75±2.87 | −0.54(.593) | 7.00±0.55 | −0.52(.602) | 2.41±0.25 | 1.10(.272) | 1.75±0.50 | 0.78(.438) | ||||
Women | 7.29±3.22 | 8.67±3.36 | 7.40±1.51 | 2.17±0.42 | 1.51±0.62 | ||||||||||
Age (year) | ≤25a) | 7.28±3.87 | 0.43 (.732) | 8.41±3.34 | 0.20(.898) | 7.45±1.64 | 0.06(.980) | 2.10±0.46 | 0.81(.490) | 1.41±0.63 | 3.06f,g)(.040) | ||||
26∼30b) | 7.32±2.78 | 8.50±3.06 | 7.29±1.47 | 2.26±0.42 | 1.38±0.65 | ||||||||||
31∼35c) | 7.70±2.57 | 9.09±3.84 | 7.40±1.20 | 2.19±0.36 | 1.65±0.49 | ||||||||||
36∼40d) | 6.36±3.70 | 8.64±3.38 | 7.43±1.79 | 2.17±0.41 | 1.91±0.54 | ||||||||||
Education level | Bachelor’s degree | 7.23±3.09 | −0.59(.555) | 8.70±3.32 | 0.70(.487) | 7.35±1.49 | −0.70(.484) | 2.16±0.41 | −1.55(.125) | 1.49±0.61 | −1.35(.180) | ||||
Master’s degree | 7.89±4.14 | 7.89±3.55 | 7.71±1.45 | 2.39±0.45 | 1.78±0.67 | ||||||||||
Marital status | Single | 7.24±3.37 | −0.28(.784) | 8.78±3.52 | 0.75(.458) | 7.40±1.49 | 0.27(.790) | 2.17±0.40 | −0.56(.579) | 1.46±0.60 | −1.57(.121) | ||||
Married | 7.44±2.62 | 8.20±2.74 | 7.31±1.48 | 2.22±0.48 | 1.68±0.63 | ||||||||||
Work unit | Medical warda) | 7.71±2.94 | 0.59(.672) | 8.90±3.60 | 2.47(.050)(e<c, d) | 7.23±1.61 | 0.45(.772) | 2.20±0.47 | 1.87(.122) | 1.81±0.60 | 2.09(.088) | ||||
Surgical wardb) | 8.00±3.30 | 8.37±3.77 | 7.38±1.58 | 1.96±0.37 | 1.53±0.61 | ||||||||||
Medical ICUc) | 7.13±3.76 | 9.93±3.47 | 7.71±1.76 | 2.23±0.33 | 1.27±0.59 | ||||||||||
Surgical ICUd) | 6.95±2.56 | 9.45±2.98 | 7.56±1.04 | 2.26±0.39 | 1.40±0.60 | ||||||||||
Otherse) | 6.68±3.48 | 6.95±2.28 | 7.14±1.47 | 2.26±0.44 | 1.50±0.60 | ||||||||||
Clinical career (year) | <3a) | 7.16±3.91 | 0.07f,g)(.974) | 8.58±3.14 | 0.12(.948) | 7.35±1.53 | 0.53(.662) | 2.07±0.39 | 2.08(.109) | 1.45±0.62 | 4.03f,g)(.012)(a, c<d) | ||||
3 to less than 5b) | 7.48±2.40 | 8.57±3.52 | 7.19±1.73 | 2.36±0.44 | 1.43±0.68 | ||||||||||
5 to less than 10c) | 7.31±2.71 | 8.93±3.68 | 7.67±1.06 | 2.19±0.40 | 1.41±0.57 | ||||||||||
≥10d) | 7.06±3.58 | 8.33±3.14 | 7.22±1.67 | 2.17±0.42 | 1.89±0.47 | ||||||||||
Type of shift work | 8 hour shifts | 7.24±3.12 | −0.10(.923) | 8.57±3.36 | −0.82(.412) | 7.39±1.42 | −0.03(.979) | 2.16±0.42 | −1.03(.304) | 1.51±0.63 | 0.06(.950) | ||||
12 hour shifts | 7.33±3.65 | 9.42±3.06 | 7.40±1.98 | 2.30±0.36 | 1.50±0.52 | ||||||||||
Quantitative demands at work | Lowa) | 7.20±2.50 | 0.36(.700) | 7.80±4.03 | 0.11(.896) | 7.04±0.38 | 1.62(.204) | 2.12±0.15 | 3.55(.033)(c<b) | 2.00±0.00 | 8.20h,i)(.017)(c<a, b) | ||||
Averageb) | 7.08±3.16 | 8.51±3.58 | 7.22±1.56 | 2.23±0.43 | 1.58±0.58 | ||||||||||
Highc) | 7.74±3.58 | 8.58±2.89 | 7.83±1.30 | 1.98±0.37 | 1.25±0.68 | ||||||||||
Average hours of sleep per day | <6a) | 8.93±3.02 | 2.26(.111) | 12.07±3.58 | 10.76(<.001)(b, c<a) | 8.50±1.01 | 6.43(.002) (b<a) | 2.19±0.45 | 0.34(.715) | 1.57±0.76 | 1.49(.230) | ||||
6 to less than 9b) | 6.99±3.14 | 8.14±2.89 | 7.10±1.35 | 2.17±0.39 | 1.55±0.55 | ||||||||||
≥9c) | 7.20±3.29 | 7.40±3.34 | 7.84±2.12 | 2.28±0.57 | 1.20±0.79 | ||||||||||
Average number of night shifts per month | ≤5a) | 8.10±2.60 | 0.53(.590) | 8.10±2.85 | 1.59(.210) | 7.93±1.04 | 1.56(.216) | 2.33±0.62 | 0.71(.494) | 1.80±0.79 | 3.25(.043) (c<a) | ||||
6∼7b) | 7.32±3.15 | 8.31±3.29 | 7.19±1.48 | 2.16±0.40 | 1.56±0.53 | ||||||||||
≥8c) | 6.88±3.50 | 9.64±3.53 | 7.63±1.59 | 2.19±0.37 | 1.28±0.68 | ||||||||||
Average number of days off per month | <9 | 7.36±2.77 | 0.08(.971) | 8.09±3.73 | 0.59(.625) | 7.55±1.44 | 0.13(.942) | 2.27±0.40 | 1.55(.208) | 1.55±0.82 | 0.45(.719) | ||||
9∼10 | 7.19±3.26 | 8.73±3.40 | 7.35±1.43 | 2.15±0.42 | 1.53±0.61 | ||||||||||
11∼12 | 7.20±2.39 | 7.20±2.17 | 7.52±1.54 | 1.99±0.59 | 1.20±0.45 | ||||||||||
≥13 | 7.70±3.74 | 9.40±3.17 | 7.17±1.99 | 2.39±0.22 | 1.50±0.53 | ||||||||||
Time required to commute (min) | <30 | 6.30±2.58 | 1.45(.234) | 8.40±3.05 | 0.51(.677) | 7.28±1.59 | 2.05(.113) | 2.10±0.40 | 0.84(.474) | 1.30±0.66 | 1.21(.309) | ||||
30 to less than 60 | 7.12±3.52 | 8.36±3.39 | 7.19±1.53 | 2.18±0.44 | 1.57±0.55 | ||||||||||
60 to less than 90 | 7.92±2.73 | 8.85±3.62 | 7.38±1.38 | 2.28±0.41 | 1.62±0.64 | ||||||||||
≥90 | 8.44±3.64 | 9.78±3.03 | 8.50±0.89 | 2.11±0.39 | 1.44±0.73 |
Variables | Physical symptoms | Sleepquality | Fatigue | Health responsibility | Physical activity | Nutrition | Spiritual growth | Interpersonal relations | Stress management | Health promoting behaviors | Job satisfaction |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical symptoms | 1 | ||||||||||
Sleep quality | .47(<.001) | 1 | |||||||||
Fatigue | .51(<.001) | .46(<.001) | 1 | ||||||||
Health responsibility | −.10(.334) | −.00(.977) | −.08(.431) | 1 | |||||||
Physical activity | −.14(.180) | .03(.742) | −.09(.387) | .58(<.001) | 1 | ||||||
Nutrition | −.11(.283) | −.03(.740) | −.10(.356) | .65(<.001) | .55(<.001) | 1 | |||||
Spiritual growth | −.07(.518) | −.12(.244) | −.20(.050) | .63(<.001) | .40(<.001) | .62(<.001) | 1 | ||||
Interpersonal relations | −.10(.344) | −.02(.822) | −.19(.064) | .62(<.001) | .40(<.001) | .50(<.001) | .74(<.001) | 1 | |||
Stress management | −.20(.053) | −.19(.066) | −.22(.028) | .71(<.001) | .57(<.001) | .63(<.001) | .74(<.001) | .69(<.001) | 1 | ||
Health promoting behaviors | −.14(.168) | −.06(.537) | −.18(.084) | .85(<.001) | .73(<.001) | .80(<.001) | .85(<.001) | .80(<.001) | .88(<.001) | 1 | |
Job satisfaction | −.08(.453) | −.11(.265) | −.39(<.001) | .21(.036) | .14(.170) | .25(.012) | .51(<.001) | .37(<.001) | .47(<.001) | .40(<.001) | 1 |
Variables | B | SE | β | t | p | VIF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(constant) | 1.382 | 0.431 | 3.21 | .002 | ||
Health promoting behaviors | 0.437 | 0.131 | 0.30 | 3.34 | .001 | 1.046 |
Fatigue | −0.137 | 0.037 | −0.33 | −3.70 | <.001 | 1.038 |
Clinical career | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.24 | 2.78 | .007 | 1.010 |
F=13.29 (p<.001), R2=.30, adjusted R2=.28, Durbin-Watson=2.193 |
ICU: Intensive care unit, M±SD: Mean±standard deviation.
PSQI: Pittsburgh sleep quality index score, HPLP II: Health-promoting lifestyle profile II, M±SD: Mean±standard deviation.
f)Welch’s F test, g)Games-Howell post hoc test, h)Kruskal-Wallis test, i)Mann-Whitney U test. ICU: Intensive care unit, M±SD: Mean±standard deviation.
SE: Standard error, VIF: Variance inflation factor.