서울대학교 간호대학
College of Nursing, Seoul National University & Department of Nursing, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
Copyright © 2021 by stress. All rights reserved.
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Types | Categories | Yes | No | |
---|---|---|---|---|
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n (%) | n (%) | |||
Verbal violence* | 102 (79.7) | 26 (20.3) | ||
Calling names | 50 (39.1) | 78 (60.9) | ||
Speak impolitely | 96 (75.0) | 32 (25.0) | ||
Shouting | 70 (54.7) | 58 (45.3) | ||
Threating | 37 (28.9) | 91 (71.1) | ||
Physical threat* | 86 (67.2) | 42 (32.8) | ||
Taking the posture of hitting | 33 (25.8) | 95 (74.2) | ||
Making a grim face | 82 (64.1) | 46 (35.9) | ||
Throwing stuff | 38 (29.7) | 90 (70.3) | ||
Getting angry and wandering about a ward | 73 (57.0) | 55 (43.0) | ||
Kicking hospital stuff | 49 (38.3) | 79 (61.7) | ||
Physical violence* | 43 (33.6) | 85 (66.4) | ||
Struck by throwing stuff | 11 (8.6) | 117 (91.4) | ||
Grab throat | 8 (6.3) | 120 (93.8) | ||
Kicking or beating | 18 (14.1) | 110 (85.9) | ||
Push | 19 (14.8) | 109 (85.2) | ||
Scratch | 28 (21.9) | 100 (78.1) | ||
Bite | 9 (7.0) | 119 (93.0) | ||
Spit | 12 (9.4) | 116 (90.6) | ||
Total | 106 (82.8) | 22 (17.2) |
Variables | Workplace violence experience | Social support | Depression | ||
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r (p) | r (p) | r (p) | |||
Workplace violence experience | 1 | ||||
Social support | −.18 (.045) | 1 | |||
Depression | .30 (<.001) | −.26 (.003) | 1 |
Variables | Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 3 | ||
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Social support | Depression | Depression | |||
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β | β | β | |||
(cons) | 1.433* | -1.747 | 2.504 | ||
Hospital size (<500 beds) | −2.551 | 1.314* | 1.115 | ||
Length of career (≤7) | −3.754 | 2.646* | 2.353 | ||
Workplace violence experience | −.311* | .251*** | .227** | ||
Social support | −.278* | ||||
Adj R2 | .22 | .32 | .44 | ||
F | 13.87 | 22.04 | 38.83 |
*p<.05, **p<.01, ***p<.001.
Durbin-Watson: 1.96.
Dummy variables: Hospital size (<500 beds=1, others=0), Length of career (≤7=1, >7=0).
Sobel test: z=3.58***.
In step 1, social support was used as a dependent variable and controlled variables such as hospital size and length of career, and workplace violence experience were all analyzed as independent variables.
In step 2, depression was used as a dependent variable and controlled variables such as hospital size and length of career, and workplace violence experience were all analyzed as independent variables.
In step 3, depression was used as a dependent variable and 4 variables such as hospital size, length of career, workplace violence experience, and social support were all analyzed as independent variables.
Variables | Categories | n (%) or M±SD |
Workplace violence experience | Social support | Depression | |||||
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M±SD | t or F (p) | M±SD | t or F (p) | M±SD | t or F (p) | |||||
Gender | Female | 116 (90.6) | 20.9±4.1 | −0.76 (.451) | 46.6±8.6 | 1.10 (.272) | 14.3±3.8 | −1.13 (.280) | ||
Male | 12 (9.4) | 21.8±5.7 | 43.7±9.2 | 15.9±5.0 | ||||||
Age (year) | 31.2±4.6 | |||||||||
<30 | 48 (37.5) | 21.1±3.7 | 0.38 (.682) | 44.1±11.1 | 2.81 (.064) | 14.9±4.2 | 0.95 (.387) | |||
30∼39 | 75 (58.6) | 20.8±4.6 | 47.5±6.6 | 14.2±3.8 | ||||||
≥40 | 5 (3.9) | 22.4±5.2 | 50.0±6.0 | 12.6±3.4 | ||||||
Marital status | Single | 78 (60.9) | 21.0±4.0 | 0.22 (.824) | 44.9±9.6 | −2.54 (.012) | 14.8±4.0 | 1.27 (.207) | ||
Married | 50 (39.1) | 20.9±4.8 | 48.5±6.3 | 13.9±3.7 | ||||||
Religion | Yes | 62 (48.4) | 20.0±3.6 | −2.53 (.052) | 47.7±7.8 | 1.75 (.082) | 13.8±3.7 | −1.79 (.076) | ||
No | 66 (51.6) | 20.9±4.7 | 45.0±9.2 | 15.0±4.1 | ||||||
Education level | College | 10 (7.8) | 21.3±4.3 | 0.05 (.952) | 43.2±7.8 | 0.89 (.414) | 14.6±3.1 | 0.13 (.876) | ||
University | 63 (49.2) | 20.9±4.1 | 46.1±8.8 | 14.6±3.5 | ||||||
Graduate | 55 (43.0) | 21.0±4.5 | 47.1±8.7 | 14.2±4.5 | ||||||
Hospital size | <500 bedsa | 9 (7.1) | 21.6±5.3 | 0.75 (.471) | 42.0±6.2 | 2.50 (.086) | 17.3±6.0 | 3.48 (.034) | ||
500∼1000 bedsb | 17 (13.3) | 22.0±4.5 | 43.5±10.5 | 15.2±4.2 | a>c† | |||||
>1000 bedsc | 102 (79.7) | 20.7±4.2 | 46.6±8.6 | 14.0±3.5 | ||||||
Department | Ward (except for NP ward)a | 66 (51.6) | 20.0±3.6 | 8.16 (<.001) | 45.9±9.1 | 0.50 (.737) | 13.9±3.4 | 1.34 (.256) | ||
NP wardb | 10 (7.8) | 26.8±2.8 | b>a, c, e† | 49.3±7.7 | 13.4±2.4 | |||||
ICUc | 33 (25.8) | 20.6±4.2 | 46.9±7.9 | 15.7±5.0 | ||||||
ERd | 9 (7.0) | 23.4±5.7 | 44.3±8.0 | 14.1±4.3 | ||||||
ORe | 10 (7.8) | 21.0±2.9 | 45.8±10.3 | 14.6±3.6 | ||||||
Work in shifts | Yes | 95 (74.2) | 21.1±4.3 | 1.05 (.295) | 45.6±9.2 | −1.91 (.061) | 14.6±4.0 | 0.69 (.491) | ||
No | 33 (25.8) | 20.3±4.1 | 48.4±6.5 | 14.0±3.8 | ||||||
Length of career (year) | 7.56±4.2 | |||||||||
≤7 | 69 (53.9) | 21.5±4.2 | 1.58 (.117) | 44.8±9.9 | −2.09 (.038) | 15.2±4.1 | 2.64 (.009) | |||
>7 | 59 (46.1) | 20.3±4.3 | 48.0±6.7 | 13.4±3.4 |
Types | Categories | Yes | No | |
---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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n (%) | n (%) | |||
Verbal violence |
102 (79.7) | 26 (20.3) | ||
Calling names | 50 (39.1) | 78 (60.9) | ||
Speak impolitely | 96 (75.0) | 32 (25.0) | ||
Shouting | 70 (54.7) | 58 (45.3) | ||
Threating | 37 (28.9) | 91 (71.1) | ||
Physical threat |
86 (67.2) | 42 (32.8) | ||
Taking the posture of hitting | 33 (25.8) | 95 (74.2) | ||
Making a grim face | 82 (64.1) | 46 (35.9) | ||
Throwing stuff | 38 (29.7) | 90 (70.3) | ||
Getting angry and wandering about a ward | 73 (57.0) | 55 (43.0) | ||
Kicking hospital stuff | 49 (38.3) | 79 (61.7) | ||
Physical violence |
43 (33.6) | 85 (66.4) | ||
Struck by throwing stuff | 11 (8.6) | 117 (91.4) | ||
Grab throat | 8 (6.3) | 120 (93.8) | ||
Kicking or beating | 18 (14.1) | 110 (85.9) | ||
Push | 19 (14.8) | 109 (85.2) | ||
Scratch | 28 (21.9) | 100 (78.1) | ||
Bite | 9 (7.0) | 119 (93.0) | ||
Spit | 12 (9.4) | 116 (90.6) | ||
Total | 106 (82.8) | 22 (17.2) |
Variables | Categories | Mean±SD | N (%) | Range |
---|---|---|---|---|
Workplace violence experience | Verbal violence | 6.0±1.4 | 4∼8 | |
Physical threat | 7.2±1.9 | 5∼10 | ||
Physical violence | 7.8±1.5 | 7∼14 | ||
Total | 21.0±4.3 | 16∼32 | ||
Social support | 46.3±8.7 | 12∼60 | ||
Depression | 14.3±3.8 | 0∼27 | ||
No depressive symptoms | 75 (58.6) | |||
Minimal (0∼4) | 20 (15.6) | |||
Mild (5∼9) | 55 (43.0) | |||
Depressive symptoms | 53 (41.4) | |||
Moderate (10∼19) | 52 (40.6) | |||
Severe (20∼27) | 1 (0.8) |
Variables | Workplace violence experience | Social support | Depression | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
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r (p) | r (p) | r (p) | |||
Workplace violence experience | 1 | ||||
Social support | −.18 (.045) | 1 | |||
Depression | .30 (<.001) | −.26 (.003) | 1 |
Variables | Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 3 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Social support | Depression | Depression | |||
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β | β | β | |||
(cons) | 1.433 |
-1.747 | 2.504 | ||
Hospital size (<500 beds) | −2.551 | 1.314 |
1.115 | ||
Length of career (≤7) | −3.754 | 2.646 |
2.353 | ||
Workplace violence experience | −.311 |
.251 |
.227 |
||
Social support | −.278 |
||||
Adj R2 | .22 | .32 | .44 | ||
F | 13.87 | 22.04 | 38.83 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%). NP: Neuropsychiatry, ICU: Intensive care unit, ER: Emergency room, OR: Operating rooms.
†Scheffe test.
*Number including multiple responses.
*p<.05, **p<.01, ***p<.001. Durbin-Watson: 1.96. Dummy variables: Hospital size (<500 beds=1, others=0), Length of career (≤7=1, >7=0). Sobel test: z=3.58***. In step 1, social support was used as a dependent variable and controlled variables such as hospital size and length of career, and workplace violence experience were all analyzed as independent variables. In step 2, depression was used as a dependent variable and controlled variables such as hospital size and length of career, and workplace violence experience were all analyzed as independent variables. In step 3, depression was used as a dependent variable and 4 variables such as hospital size, length of career, workplace violence experience, and social support were all analyzed as independent variables.