동아대학교 간호학부
College of Nursing, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
Copyright © 2020 by stress. All rights reserved.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Conflicts of interest
The author declared no conflict of interest.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2019R1G1A1088926).
Phase | Subjects | Methods | Contents |
---|---|---|---|
Phase 1 | ∙ Expert committee (10 experts) | ∙ Interview ∙ Focus group interview |
∙ Expert committee organization ∙ Goal setting ∙ Literature review ∙ Selection of a theme, learning objectives, cases, methods of simulation program |
Phase 2 | ∙ Expert committee (10 experts) | ∙ Interview ∙ Focus group interview ∙ Opinion survey |
∙ Development of simulation scenarios ∙ Development of evaluation checklist ∙ Revision of simulation ∙ Evaluation of content validity ∙ Evaluation of expert validity ∙ Agreement on revised simulation program |
Phase 3 | ∙ Nursing students (5 students) | ∙ Pilot test ∙ Focus group interview |
∙ Training of standard patients ∙ Implementation of developed simulation program ∙ Evaluation of developed simulation program |
Step | Subject’s reaction in communication |
Nurses’ learner activity (specific communication) |
Education content (activity, cue) |
---|---|---|---|
Step 1 ∙ Duration: 5 minutes ∙ Location: patient bed ∙ Roles: nurse and patient ∙ Content: response to sudden discharge request |
∙ Patient is non-cooperative, nervous ∙ Uses inappropriate designation ∙ Screams ∙ Requests immediate discharge |
∙ Nurse introduces him/herself ∙ Identifies patient ∙ Checks the general condition (situation) of the patient ∙ Explains the discharge procedures ∙ Conducts appropriate therapeutic communication to patient |
∙ Knowledge of patient discharge management (i.e. procedure) ∙ Therapeutic communication: - sympathy - listening - verbal messaging - non-verbal messaging |
Step 2 ∙ Duration: 5 minutes ∙ Location: ward station ∙ Roles: nurse and doctor ∙ Content: request a patient interview related to discharge |
∙ Doctor uses defense, avoidance pending patient interview ∙ Transfers decision regarding discharge to nurses |
∙ Nurse performs effective communication in the form of SBAR to the doctor in charge ∙ Utilizes self-assertive communication ∙ Performs duties according to the doctor’s instructions |
∙ Effective communication using SBAR ∙ Self-assertive communication ∙ Nursing practice based on doctor’s prescription |
Step 3 ∙ Duration: 3 minutes ∙ Location: ward station ∙ Roles: nurse and insurance-review staff ∙ Content: request for expedited discharge procedures over the phone |
∙ Insurance-review staff is in a high-intensity, stressful work environment ∙ Remains non-cooperative |
∙ Nurse conducts appropriate self-assertive communication to the insurance-review staff | ∙ Self-assertive communication |
Step 4 ∙ Duration: 2 minutes ∙ Location: ward station ∙ Roles: nurse and head nurse ∙ Content: report on patient discharge |
∙ Head nurse requests report on the discharge of the patient ∙ Asks about the ward situation |
∙ Nurse conducts effective communication (reporting) in the form of SBAR to the head nurse | ∙ Effective communication with SBAR |
No. | Content | Very good |
Good | Poor | Very poor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Identified yourself, your unit, and the patient’s name and identification number with identification bracelet. | ||||
2 | Asked to patient about his/her condition. | ||||
3 | Listened and observe the patient’s expressions. | ||||
4 | Gave appropriate non-verbal messages (eye contact, facial expressions, and understandable voice pitch) to the patient. | ||||
5 | Applied appropriate verbal therapeutic communication skills (empathy, support, encouragement). | ||||
Reported the patient’s condition (vital sign, problems) to the doctor in the form of SBAR. | |||||
6 | Reported the patient’s situation (a description of the immediate situation) to the doctor in charge. | ||||
7 | Reported the patient’s background to the doctor in charge. | ||||
8 | Reported the patient’s assessment (problem that occurred and its cause) to the doctor in charge. | ||||
9 | Gave appropriate recommendations to the doctor in charge. | ||||
10 | Applied effective, appropriate communication skills when communicating with the insurance-review staff. | ||||
Reported the patient’s discharge to the head nurse in the form of SBAR. | |||||
11 | Reported the patient’s situation (a description of the immediate situation) to the head nurse. | ||||
12 | Reported the patient’s background to the head nurse. | ||||
13 | Reported the patient’s assessment (problem that occurred and its cause) to the head nurse. | ||||
14 | Gave appropriate recommendations to the head nurse. | ||||
15 | Overall evaluation of the communication of nurses (educational students)? |