국립 강릉원주대학교 간호학과
Department of Nursing, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Wonju, Korea
Copyright © 2020 by stress. All rights reserved.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
This study was supported by 2019 Academic Research Support Program in Gangneung-Wonju National University.
Variables | NS | HA | RD | P | SD | CO | ST | SC | Subjective happiness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r(p) | |||||||||
NS | 1 | ||||||||
HA | −.12 (.027)* | 1 | |||||||
RD | .02 (.794) | −.25 (<.001)*** | 1 | ||||||
P | .01 (.966) | −.27 (<.001)*** | .08 (.270) | 1 | |||||
SD | −.13 (.055) | −.73 (<.001)*** | .10 (.160) | .46 (<.001)*** | 1 | ||||
C | −.34 (<.001)*** | −.21 (.003)* * | .47 (<.001)*** | .39 (<.001)*** | .24 (<.001)*** | 1 | |||
ST | .16 (.023)* | .14 (.044)* | −.11 (.108) | .34 (<.001)*** | −.09 (.197) | .03 (.663) | 1 | ||
SC | −.29 (<.001)*** | −.62 (<.001)*** | .34 (<.001)*** | .47 (<.001)*** | .82 (<001)*** | .75 (.<001)*** | −.04 (.540) | 1 | |
Subjective happiness | .03 (.638) | −.67 (<.001)*** | .37 (.<001)* * | .41 (<.001)*** | .76 (<.001)*** | .33 (<.001)*** | −.02 (.802) | .71 (.<001)*** | 1 |
Characteristics | Category | n (%) | M±SD |
---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 22.15±2.45 | ||
Gender | Male | 37 (17.4) | |
Female | 176 (82.6) | ||
Grade | Second grade | 68 (31.9) | |
Third grade | 67 (31.5) | ||
Fourth grade | 78 (36.6) | ||
Religion | Christian | 60 (28.2) | |
Catholic | 18 (8.5) | ||
Buddhism | 11 (5.2) | ||
Nothing | 123 (57.7) | ||
Others | 1 (0.5) | ||
Housing type | With parents | 52 (24.4) | |
Dormitory | 63 (29.6) | ||
Live alone | 98 (46.0) | ||
Spending money (10,000 won) | 40.2±28.85 |
Variable | Category (percentile score) | n (%) | M±SD | |
---|---|---|---|---|
NS | L | <30 | 75 (35.2) | 34.69±10.29 |
M | 30∼70 | 95 (44.6) | ||
H | >70 | 43 (20.2) | ||
HA | L | <30 | 58 (27.2) | 41.80±13.10 |
M | 30∼70 | 83 (39.0) | ||
H | >70 | 72 (33.8) | ||
RD | L | <30 | 55 (25.8) | 48.90±10.71 |
M | 30∼70 | 75 (35.2) | ||
H | >70 | 83 (39.0) | ||
P | L | <30 | 93 (43.7) | 41.93±10.23 |
M | 30∼70 | 77 (36.1) | ||
H | >70 | 43 (20.2) | ||
SD | L | <30 | 50 (23.5) | 46.54±11.21 |
M | 30∼70 | 84 (39.4) | ||
H | >70 | 79 (37.1) | ||
CO | L | <30 | 29 (13.6) | |
59.26±9.70 | ||||
M | 30∼70 | 76 (35.7) | ||
H | >70 | 108 (50.7) | ||
ST | L | <30 | 103 (48.4) | 22.54±10.59 |
M | 30∼70 | 84 (39.4) | ||
H | >70 | 26 (12.2) | ||
SC | L | <30 | 37 (17.4) | 105.81±16.49 |
M | 30∼70 | 71 (33.3) | ||
H | >70 | 105 (49.3) | ||
Subjective | 3.54±0.48 | |||
Happiness |
Temperment type (NS-HA-RD) | n (%) | Personality type (SD-CO-ST) | n (%) |
---|---|---|---|
HHH | 4 (1.9) | HHH | 4 (1.9) |
HHL | 5 (2.3) | HHL | 30 (14.1) |
HHM | 2 (0.9) | HHM | 17 (8.0) |
HLH | 10 (4.7) | HLH | 0 (0.0) |
HLL | 1 (0.5) | HLL | 4 (1.9) |
HLM | 1 (0.5) | HLM | 1 (0.5) |
HMH | 7 (3.3) | HMH | 2 (0.9) |
HML | 5 (2.3) | HML | 11 (5.2) |
HMM | 8 (3.8) | HMM | 9 (4.2) |
LHH | 12 (5.6) | LHH | 7 (3.3) |
LHL | 10 (4.7) | LHL | 8 (3.8) |
LHM | 6 (2.8) | LHM | 7 (3.3) |
LLH | 11 (5.2) | LLH | 1 (0.5) |
LLL | 4 (1.9) | LLL | 7 (3.3) |
LLM | 10 (4.7) | LLM | 3 (1.4) |
LMH | 13 (6.1) | LMH | 2 (0.9) |
LML | 11 (5.2) | LML | 10 (4.7) |
LMM | 9 (4.2) | LMM | 5 (2.3) |
MHH | 9 (4.2) | MHH | 4 (1.9) |
MHL | 11 (5.2) | MHL | 20 (9.4) |
MHM | 14 (6.6) | MHM | 11 (5.2) |
MLH | 10 (4.7) | MLH | 1 (0.5) |
MLL | 3 (1.4) | MLL | 6 (2.8) |
MLM | 7 (3.3) | MLM | 7 (3.3) |
MMH | 11 (5.2) | MMH | 6 (2.8) |
MML | 8 (3.8) | MML | 14 (6.6) |
MMM | 11 (5.2) | MMM | 16 (7.5) |
Variables | Category | NS | HA | RD | P | SD | CO | ST | SC | Subjective happiness | |||||||||
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M±SD | t or F (p) | M±SD | t or F (p) | M±SD | t or F (p) | M±SD | t or F (p) | M±SD | t or F (p) | M±SD | t or F (p) | M±SD | t or F (p) | M±SD | t or F (p) | M±SD | t or F (p) | ||
Gender | Male | 34.39±10.47 | −.95 (.341) | 42.03±13.44 | .56(.575) | 49.28±10.58 | 1.14 (.256) | 42.30±10.29 | 1.14 (.254) | 46.30±11.60 | −.69 (.491) | 59.57±9.73 | 1.00 (.318) | 23.13±10.46 | 1.78 (0.76) | 105.87±16.57 | .12 (.905) | 3.51±0.53 | .60 (.438) |
Female | 36.16±9.39 | 40.70±11.43 | 47.08±11.29 | 40.19±9.89 | 47.70±9.17 | 57.81±9.55 | 19.73±10.88 | 105.51±16.31 | 3.54±0.47 | ||||||||||
Grade | First grade | 1.71 (.184) | 2.28 (.105) | 2.81 (.063) | 1.60 (.204) | .51 (.947) | 1.50 (.226) | 4.75 (.010) | .33 (.717) | .001 (.993) | |||||||||
Second grade | 48.94±10.55 | 53.46±10.25 | 51.04±11.56 | 48.09±11.16 | 52.85±10.81 | 53.34±11.33 | 47.19±9.93a | 53.87±10.62 | 3.54±048 | ||||||||||
Third grade | 46.04±9.42 | 51.34±10.59 | 50.99±11.21 | 47.70±11.13 | 52.27±10.51 | 55.84±11.21 | 44.09±9.58b | 54.82±11.28 | 3.53±0.47 | ||||||||||
Fourth grade | 46.51±9.59 | 49.79±10.21 | 54.73±10.39 | 45.29±8.62 | 52.54±9.59 | 56.09±8.69 | 42.58±7.93b | 55.24±9.14 | 3.54±0.50 | ||||||||||
Religion | Christian | 44.45±11.01 | 3.48 (.009) | 52.48±1065 | .66 (.623) | 49.32±10.62 | 2.11 (.081) | 48±10.77 | .38 (.821) | 53.03±1021 | .72 (.577) | 55.65±10.24 | .84 (.501) | 48.95±10.21 | 5.56 (.000) | 55.30±10.11 | .68 (.603) | 3.51±0.52 | .56 (.693) |
Catholic | 44.78±10.81 | 51.67±11.47 | 54.17±10.45 | 47.89±13.23 | 52.56±12.36 | 57.89±9.67 | 42.89±8.72 | 56.22±12.37 | 3.54±0.48 | ||||||||||
Buddihism | 42.55±9.72 | 49.64±8.51 | 57.09±8.98 | 47.82±7.95 | 57.00±10.05 | 56.09±9.25 | 45.00±10.65 | 58.09±9.41 | 3.74±0.39 | ||||||||||
Nothing | 49.22±8.76 | 50.98±10.33 | 53.11±11.41 | 46.20±9.90 | 51.97±9.98 | 54.30±10.71 | 42.51±8.07 | 53.81±10.18 | 3.53±0.47 | ||||||||||
Etc | 46.00±.00 | 64±.00 | 62±.00 | 49.00±.00 | 47.00±0.00 | 66.00±0.00 | 51.00±0.00 | 57.00±0.00 | 3.42±0.00 | ||||||||||
Housing Type | With parents | 46.83±8.97a | 4.83 (.009) | 50.85±11.38a | 4.58 (.011) | 51.90±10.20 | .22 (.801) | 47.42±9.05 | .35 (.705) | 53.42±9.62 | 1.11 (.331) | 53.88±9.25 | 1.42 (.244) | 45.25±11.13 | .21 (.813) | 54.56±8.86 | 1.46 (.234) | 3.51±0.47 | 1.24 (.291) |
Dormitory | 44.29±8.88aa | 54.65±9.91b | 51.90±11.79 | 46.03±11.48 | 50.95±10.68 | 54.14±11.25 | 44.30±7.68 | 52.98±11.23 | 3.47±0.50 | ||||||||||
Live alone | 49.14±1057b | 49.71±9.80a | 52.93±11.24 | 47.28±10.23 | 53.12±10.25 | 56.43±10.41 | 44.29±9.24 | 55.82±10.32 | 3.59±0.47 |
Variables | NS | HA | RD | P | SD | CO | ST | SC | Subjective happiness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r(p) | |||||||||
NS | 1 | ||||||||
HA | −.12 (.027) |
1 | |||||||
RD | .02 (.794) | −.25 (<.001) |
1 | ||||||
P | .01 (.966) | −.27 (<.001) |
.08 (.270) | 1 | |||||
SD | −.13 (.055) | −.73 (<.001) |
.10 (.160) | .46 (<.001) |
1 | ||||
C | −.34 (<.001) |
−.21 (.003) |
.47 (<.001) |
.39 (<.001) |
.24 (<.001) |
1 | |||
ST | .16 (.023) |
.14 (.044) |
−.11 (.108) | .34 (<.001) |
−.09 (.197) | .03 (.663) | 1 | ||
SC | −.29 (<.001) |
−.62 (<.001) |
.34 (<.001) |
.47 (<.001) |
.82 (<001) |
.75 (.<001) |
−.04 (.540) | 1 | |
Subjective happiness | .03 (.638) | −.67 (<.001) |
.37 (.<001) |
.41 (<.001) |
.76 (<.001) |
.33 (<.001) |
−.02 (.802) | .71 (.<001) |
1 |
Variables | Model 1 β (p) | Model 2 β (p) | Model 3 β (p) | Model 4 β (p) |
---|---|---|---|---|
HA | −.67 (<.001) | −61 (<.001) | −.55 (<.001) | −.16 (.009) |
P | .25 (<.001) | .24 (<.001) | .08 (.065) | |
RD | .22 (<.001) | .27 (.<001) | ||
SD | .59 (<.001) | |||
F (p) | 173.82 (<.001) | 108.14 (<.001) | 85.38 (<.001) | 113.13 (<.001) |
R2 | .45 | .51 | .55 | .69 |
Adj. R2 | .45 | .50 | .54 | .68 |
NS: Novelty seeking, HA: Harm avoidance, RD: Reward dependence P: Persistence, SD: Self-directedness, CO: Cooperativeness, ST: Self-transcencence, SC (S+C): Self-directedness+Cooperativeness, H: High, M: Medium, L: Low.
TCI: Temperment % Character Inventory, NS: Novelty seeking, HA: Harm avoidance, RD: Reward dependence, P: Persistence, SD: Self-directedness, CO: Cooperativeness, ST: Self-transcencence, SC (S+C): Self-directedness+Cooperativeness, H: High, M: Medium, L: Low.
TCI: Temperment % Character Inventory, NS: Novelty seeking, HA: Harm avoidance, RD: Reward dependence, P: Persistence, SD: Self-directedness, CO: Cooperativeness, ST: Self-transcencence, SC (S+C): Self-directedness+Cooperativeness. a-bScheffé test.
TCI: Temperment % Character Inventory, NS: Novelty seeking, HA: Harm avoidance, RD: Reward dependence, P: Persistence, SD: Self-directedness, CO: Cooperativeness, ST: Self-transcencence, SC (S+C): Self-directedness+Cooperativeness *p<.05, **p<.01, ***p<001.
NS: Novelty seeking, HA: Harm avoidance, RD: Reward dependence, P: Persistence, SD: Self-directedness, CO: Cooperativeness, ST: Self-transcencence,, SC (S+C): Self-directedness+Cooperativeness.