고려대학교 구로병원
고려대학교 간호대학
Korea University Guro Hospital
Korea University, College of Nursing, Seoul, Korea
Copyright: © The Korean Journal of Stress Research
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Characteristics | Exp. | Cont. | Total | Χ2 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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n (%) or | n (%) or | n (%) or | ||||
Gender | Male | 10 (47.6) | 14 (56.0) | 24 (52.2) | .571 | .768* |
Female | 11 (52.4) | 11 (44.0) | 22 (47.8) | |||
Age | 19~29 | 12 (57.1) | 15 (60) | 27 (58.7) | 1.624 | .979* |
30~39 | 4 (19.0) | 4 (16) | 8 (17.4) | |||
40~49 | 4 (19.0) | 3 (12) | 7 (15.2) | |||
50~59 | 1 (4.8) | 2 (8) | 3 (6.5) | |||
Over 60 | 0 | 1 (4) | 1 (2.2) | |||
Educational level | Middle school graduate | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.0) | 1 (2.2) | .12 | .10* |
High school graduate | 8 (38.1) | 15 (60.0) | 23 (50.0) | |||
College graduate | 12 (57.1) | 6 (24.0) | 18 (39.1) | |||
Grad school graduate | 1 (4.8) | 3 (12.0) | 4 (8.7) | |||
Marital status | Non-married | 11 (52.4) | 18 (72.0) | 29 (63.0) | .08 | .07* |
Married | 10 (47.6) | 5 (20.0) | 15 (32.6) | |||
Divorced | 0 (0.0) | 2 (8.0) | 2 (4.3) | |||
Cohabitation form | Solitude | 1 (4.8) | 6 (25.0) | 7 (15.6) | .10 | .07* |
Live with family | 20 (95.2) | 17 (70.8) | 37 (82.2) | |||
Others | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.2) | 1 (2.2) | |||
Job status | Employed | 8 (38.1) | 13 (52.0) | 21 (45.7) | .35 | .39* |
Unemployed | 13 (61.9) | 12 (48.0) | 25 (54.3) | |||
Number of suicide attempts | 0~1 | 2 (33.3) | 5 (26.4) | 7 (28.0) | .95 | 1.0* |
2~4 | 3 (50.0) | 10 (52.7) | 13 (52.0) | |||
5< | 1 (16.7) | 4 (21.1) | 5 (20.0) |
Category | Groups | Pretest | Posttest | Z (p) | Difference (post-pre) | Z (p) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
|
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M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |||||
Positive emotion tendency | Subjective well-being | Exp. | 1.51 (.71) | 2.64 (.30) | −3.84** (.000) | 1.13 (.90) | −3.95** (.000) |
Cont. | 2.49 (.90) | 2.64 (.30) | 1.39 (.166) | .21 (.70) | |||
Psychological well-being | Exp. | 1.89 (.82) | 3.22 (.08) | −4.16** (.000) | 1.33 (.80) | −4.59** (.000) | |
Cont. | 3.29 (.68) | 3.40 (.83) | −.50 (.62) | .11 (.54) | |||
Gratitude | Exp. | 2.23 (1.03) | 4.26 (.35) | −4.27** (.000) | 2.04 (1.02) | −5.13** (.000) | |
Cont. | 3.90 (1.04) | 3.86 (1.05) | −.53 (.60) | −.04 (.56) | |||
Optimism | Exp. | 1.65 (.70) | 3.63 (.34) | −4.38** (.000) | 1.98 (.71) | −5.53** (.000) | |
Cont. | 2.71 (.69) | 2.80 (1.01) | −.33 (.74) | .09 (.74) | |||
Self-esteem | Exp. | 1.98 (.65) | 3.61 (.20) | −4.39** (.000) | 1.63 (.60) | −4.30** (.000) | |
Cont. | 2.64 (.91) | 3.00 (.91) | −1.54 (.12) | .37 (.88) | |||
Total | Exp. | 1.78 (.68) | 3.42 (.18) | −4.29** (.000) | 1.64 (.74) | −5.10** (.000) | |
Cont. | 2.91 (.75) | 3.04 (.90) | −.82 (.412) | .12 (.57) |
Category | Groups | Pretest | Posttest | Z (p) | Difference (post-pre) | Z (p) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
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M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |||||
Empowerment | Self-esteem | Exp. | 1.49 (.43) | 3.88 (.41) | −4.39** (.000) | 2.39 (.64) | −5.77** (.000) |
Cont. | 3.04 (.88) | 3.19 (1.18) | −.99 (.322) | .15 (.87) | |||
Self-efficiency, future mastery | Exp. | 2.35 (.38) | 3.35 (.31) | −4.29** (.000) | 1.00 (.56) | −3.62** (.000) | |
Cont. | 2.89 (.66) | 3.23 (.71) | −2.62* (.009) | .34 (.62) | |||
Community activities, autonomy | Exp. | 2.47 (.49) | 3.89 (.55) | −4.31** (.000) | 1.42 (.61) | −4.12** (.000) | |
Cont. | 3.06 (.86) | 3.38 (1.12) | −1.64 (.10) | .32 (.86) | |||
Total | Exp. | 2.10 (.35) | 3.71 (.37) | −4.37** (.000) | 1.33 (.80) | −4.59** (.000) | |
Cont. | 3.00 (.72) | 3.27 (.96) | −1.98 (.048) | .80 (.54) |
Characteristics | Exp. | Cont. | Total | Χ2 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
||||
n (%) or | n (%) or | n (%) or | ||||
Gender | Male | 10 (47.6) | 14 (56.0) | 24 (52.2) | .571 | .768 |
Female | 11 (52.4) | 11 (44.0) | 22 (47.8) | |||
Age | 19~29 | 12 (57.1) | 15 (60) | 27 (58.7) | 1.624 | .979 |
30~39 | 4 (19.0) | 4 (16) | 8 (17.4) | |||
40~49 | 4 (19.0) | 3 (12) | 7 (15.2) | |||
50~59 | 1 (4.8) | 2 (8) | 3 (6.5) | |||
Over 60 | 0 | 1 (4) | 1 (2.2) | |||
Educational level | Middle school graduate | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.0) | 1 (2.2) | .12 | .10 |
High school graduate | 8 (38.1) | 15 (60.0) | 23 (50.0) | |||
College graduate | 12 (57.1) | 6 (24.0) | 18 (39.1) | |||
Grad school graduate | 1 (4.8) | 3 (12.0) | 4 (8.7) | |||
Marital status | Non-married | 11 (52.4) | 18 (72.0) | 29 (63.0) | .08 | .07 |
Married | 10 (47.6) | 5 (20.0) | 15 (32.6) | |||
Divorced | 0 (0.0) | 2 (8.0) | 2 (4.3) | |||
Cohabitation form | Solitude | 1 (4.8) | 6 (25.0) | 7 (15.6) | .10 | .07 |
Live with family | 20 (95.2) | 17 (70.8) | 37 (82.2) | |||
Others | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.2) | 1 (2.2) | |||
Job status | Employed | 8 (38.1) | 13 (52.0) | 21 (45.7) | .35 | .39 |
Unemployed | 13 (61.9) | 12 (48.0) | 25 (54.3) | |||
Number of suicide attempts | 0~1 | 2 (33.3) | 5 (26.4) | 7 (28.0) | .95 | 1.0 |
2~4 | 3 (50.0) | 10 (52.7) | 13 (52.0) | |||
5< | 1 (16.7) | 4 (21.1) | 5 (20.0) |
Dependent variables | Groups | N | M | SD | U | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subjective well-being | Negative emotion | Exp. | 25 | 1.53 | .90 | 83.50 | .39 |
Cont. | 25 | 2.96 | 1.05 | ||||
Positive emotion | Exp. | 25 | 1.40 | .65 | 235.00 | .129 | |
Cont. | 25 | 2.01 | 1.06 | ||||
Satisfaction with live | Exp. | 25 | 1.60 | .97 | 134.0 | .278 | |
Cont. | 25 | 2.52 | 1.08 | ||||
Total | Exp. | 25 | 1.51 | .71 | 97.50 | .081 | |
Cont. | 25 | 2.50 | .90 | ||||
Psychological well-being | Self-acceptance | Exp. | 25 | 1.82 | .88 | 132.50 | .055 |
Cont. | 25 | 2.78 | 1.09 | ||||
Positive relations with others | Exp. | 25 | 1.71 | .55 | 43.00 | .078 | |
Cont. | 25 | 3.68 | 1.01 | ||||
Autonomy | Exp. | 25 | 2.01 | 1.05 | 108.50 | .069 | |
Cont. | 25 | 3.24 | .84 | ||||
Environmental mastery | Exp. | 25 | 1.92 | .79 | 94.00 | .13 | |
Cont. | 25 | 3.03 | .73 | ||||
Purpose in life | Exp. | 25 | 1.81 | 1.06 | 75.00 | .15 | |
Cont. | 25 | 3.64 | 1.09 | ||||
Personal growth | Exp. | 25 | 2.06 | .96 | 100.0 | .071 | |
Cont. | 25 | 3.37 | .91 | ||||
Total | Exp. | 25 | 1.89 | .82 | 70.00 | .062 | |
Cont. | 25 | 3.29 | .68 | ||||
Gratitude | Exp. | 25 | 2.23 | 1.03 | 85.50 | .08 | |
Cont. | 25 | 3.90 | 1.04 | ||||
Optimism | Exp. | 25 | 1.65 | .70 | 92.00 | .071 | |
Cont. | 25 | 2.71 | .69 | ||||
Self-esteem | Exp. | 25 | 1.98 | .65 | 172.00 | .068 | |
Cont. | 23 | 2.62 | .87 | ||||
Positive emotions | Exp. | 25 | 1.77 | 6.78 | 78.00 | .071 | |
Cont. | 25 | 3.41 | .18 | ||||
Empowerment | Self-esteem | Exp. | 25 | 1.49 | .43 | 33.00 | .13 |
Cont. | 25 | 3.04 | .88 | ||||
Self-efficiency, future mastery | Exp. | 25 | 2.35 | .38 | 151.50 | .14 | |
Cont. | 25 | 2.89 | .66 | ||||
Community activities, autonomy | Exp. | 25 | 2.47 | .49 | 191.00 | .067 | |
Cont. | 25 | 3.06 | .86 | ||||
Total | Exp. | 25 | 2.10 | .35 | 82.50 | .08 | |
Cont. | 25 | 2.99 | .72 | ||||
Suicidal ideation | Exp. | 25 | 1.25 | .44 | 174.50 | .061 | |
Cont. | 25 | .93 | .45 |
Category | Groups | Pretest | Posttest | Z (p) | Difference (post-pre) | Z (p) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |||||
Positive emotion tendency | Subjective well-being | Exp. | 1.51 (.71) | 2.64 (.30) | −3.84 |
1.13 (.90) | −3.95 |
Cont. | 2.49 (.90) | 2.64 (.30) | 1.39 (.166) | .21 (.70) | |||
Psychological well-being | Exp. | 1.89 (.82) | 3.22 (.08) | −4.16 |
1.33 (.80) | −4.59 |
|
Cont. | 3.29 (.68) | 3.40 (.83) | −.50 (.62) | .11 (.54) | |||
Gratitude | Exp. | 2.23 (1.03) | 4.26 (.35) | −4.27 |
2.04 (1.02) | −5.13 |
|
Cont. | 3.90 (1.04) | 3.86 (1.05) | −.53 (.60) | −.04 (.56) | |||
Optimism | Exp. | 1.65 (.70) | 3.63 (.34) | −4.38 |
1.98 (.71) | −5.53 |
|
Cont. | 2.71 (.69) | 2.80 (1.01) | −.33 (.74) | .09 (.74) | |||
Self-esteem | Exp. | 1.98 (.65) | 3.61 (.20) | −4.39 |
1.63 (.60) | −4.30 |
|
Cont. | 2.64 (.91) | 3.00 (.91) | −1.54 (.12) | .37 (.88) | |||
Total | Exp. | 1.78 (.68) | 3.42 (.18) | −4.29 |
1.64 (.74) | −5.10 |
|
Cont. | 2.91 (.75) | 3.04 (.90) | −.82 (.412) | .12 (.57) |
Category | Groups | Pretest | Posttest | Z (p) | Difference (post-pre) | Z (p) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
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M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |||||
Empowerment | Self-esteem | Exp. | 1.49 (.43) | 3.88 (.41) | −4.39 |
2.39 (.64) | −5.77 |
Cont. | 3.04 (.88) | 3.19 (1.18) | −.99 (.322) | .15 (.87) | |||
Self-efficiency, future mastery | Exp. | 2.35 (.38) | 3.35 (.31) | −4.29 |
1.00 (.56) | −3.62 |
|
Cont. | 2.89 (.66) | 3.23 (.71) | −2.62* (.009) | .34 (.62) | |||
Community activities, autonomy | Exp. | 2.47 (.49) | 3.89 (.55) | −4.31 |
1.42 (.61) | −4.12 |
|
Cont. | 3.06 (.86) | 3.38 (1.12) | −1.64 (.10) | .32 (.86) | |||
Total | Exp. | 2.10 (.35) | 3.71 (.37) | −4.37 |
1.33 (.80) | −4.59 |
|
Cont. | 3.00 (.72) | 3.27 (.96) | −1.98 (.048) | .80 (.54) |
Category | Groups | Pretest | Posttest | Z (p) | Difference (post-pre) | Z (p) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | ||||
Suicidal ideation | Exp. | 1.25 (.44) | .66 (.12) | −3.92 |
−.59 (.45) | −2.96 |
Cont. | 0.93 (.45) | 0.74 (.49) | −1.46 (.144) | −.19 (.52) |
Fisher exact test.
p<.001.
p<.001.
p<.001.