중부대학교 간호학과
Department of Nursing, Joongbu University, Geumsan, Korea
Copyright: © The Korean Journal of Stress Research
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Variables | Categories | Total (N=2,449) | Male (N=416) | Female (N=2,033) | χ2(p) |
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N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||
Age (years) | 65~75 | 1,246 (50.9) | 242 (58.2) | 1,004 (49.4) | 10.67 (.001) |
≥76 | 1,203 (49.1) | 174 (41.8) | 1,029 (50.6) | ||
Marital status | unmarried | 29 (1.2) | 11 (2.7) | 18 (0.9) | 181.74 (<.001) |
Bereaved | 2,138 (87.3) | 280 (67.3) | 1,858 (91.4) | ||
divorced | 222 (9.1) | 97 (23.3) | 125 (6.1) | ||
separated | 60 (2.4) | 28 (6.7) | 32 (1.6) | ||
Education level | None (Illiteracy) | 472 (19.3) | 24 (5.8) | 448 (22.0) | 308.29 (<.001) |
None (literacy) | 814 (33.2) | 75 (18.0) | 739 (36.4) | ||
Elementary | 720 (29.4) | 130 (31.3) | 590 (29.0) | ||
Middle | 184 (7.5) | 58 (13.9) | 126 (6.2) | ||
≥High | 259 (10.6) | 129 (31.0) | 130 (6.4) | ||
Working status | Working | 633 (26.8) | 106 (25.5) | 527 (25.9) | 0.04 (.851) |
Not working | 1,816 (74.2) | 310 (74.5) | 1,506 (74.1) | ||
Subjective health evaluation | Healthy | 587 (24.0) | 151 (36.3) | 436 (21.4) | 43.27 (<.001) |
Moderate | 562 (22.9) | 89 (21.4) | 473 (23.3) | ||
Unhealthy | 1,300 (53.1) | 176 (42.3) | 1,124 (55.3) | ||
Diagnosis of depression | Diagnosed | 93 (3.8) | 7 (1.7) | 86 (4.2) | 6.14 (.013) |
Undiagnosed | 2,356 (96.2) | 409 (98.3) | 1,947 (95.8) | ||
Smoking | Smoking | 209 (8.5) | 118 (28.4) | 91 (4.5) | 252.48 (<.001) |
Nonsmoking | 2,240 (91.5) | 298 (71.6) | 1,942 (95.5) | ||
Drinking | Drinking | 487 (19.9) | 187 (45.0) | 300 (14.8) | 197.64 (<.001) |
Nondrinking | 1,962 (80.1) | 229 (55.0) | 1,733 (85.2) | ||
Exercise | Exercise | 1,362 (55.6) | 262 (63.0) | 1,100 (54.1) | 11.02 (.001) |
No exercise | 1,087 (44.4) | 154 (37.0) | 933 (45.9) | ||
Physical abuse | Yes | 8 (0.3) | 2 (0.5) | 6 (0.3) | 0.37 (.545) |
No | 2,441 (99.7) | 414 (99.5) | 2,027 (99.7) | ||
Emotional abuse | Yes | 219 (8.9) | 30 (7.2) | 189 (9.3) | 1.84 (.175) |
No | 2,230 (91.1) | 386 (92.8) | 1,844 (90.7) | ||
Economical abuse | Yes | 16 (0.7) | 4 (1.0) | 12 (0.6) | 0.73 (.392) |
No | 2,433 (99.3) | 412 (99.0) | 2,021 (99.4) | ||
Neglect of health care support | Yes | 75 (3.1) | 25 (6.0) | 50 (2.5) | 14.66 (<.001) |
No | 2,374 (96.9) | 391 (94.0) | 1,983 (97.5) | ||
Neglect of financial support | Yes | 136 (5.6) | 47 (11.3) | 89 (4.4) | 31.53 (<.001) |
No | 2,313 (94.4) | 369 (88.7) | 1,944 (95.6) |
Variables | Categories | N (%) | Cognitive function | t or F/(p) | Life satisfaction | t or F/(p) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
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M±SD | M±SD | |||||
Sex | Male | 416 (17.0) | 24.41±4.31 | 11.30 (<.001) | 11.54±2.58 | 0.46 (.644) |
Female | 2,033 (83.0) | 21.73±4.88 | 11.47±2.39 | |||
Age (years) | 65~75 | 1,246 (50.9) | 23.52±4.19 | 14.29 (<.001) | 11.52±2.41 | 0.75 (.457) |
≥76 | 1,203 (49.1) | 20.80±5.17 | 11.45±2.43 | |||
Marital status | unmarrieda) | 29 (1.2) | 23.07±4.61 | 26.02 (<.001) b<c, d | 10.62±2.57 | 9.70 (<.001) b>c |
Bereavedb) | 2,138 (87.3) | 21.86±4.88 | 11.58±2.39 | |||
divorcedc) | 222 (9.1) | 24.50±4.45 | 10.75±2.54 | |||
separatedd) | 60 (2.4) | 24.68±4.15 | 11.15±2.54 | |||
Education level | None (Illiteracy)a) | 472 (19.3) | 18.11±4.26 | 256.23 (<.001) a<b<c<d, e | 10.96±2.36 | 16.19 (<.001) a, b<d, e a<c<e |
None (literacy)b) | 814 (33.2) | 21.03±4.49 | 11.32±2.31 | |||
Elementaryc) | 720 (29.4) | 23.81±4.05 | 11.59±2.28 | |||
Middled) | 184 (7.5) | 25.70±3.36 | 11.99±2.53 | |||
≥Highe) | 259 (10.6) | 26.22±3.10 | 12.28±2.86 | |||
Working Status | Working | 633 (25.8) | 22.49±4.58 | 1.94 (.052) | 11.96±2.32 | 5.84 (<.001) |
Not working | 1,816 (74.2) | 22.07±4.99 | 11.32±2.43 | |||
Subjective health evaluation | Healthya) | 587 (24.0) | 23.28±4.71 | 28.17 (<.001) a>b>c | 13.36±2.16 | 408.39 (<.001) a>b>c |
Moderateb) | 562 (22.9) | 22.53±4.99 | 11.93±2.03 | |||
Unhealthyc) | 1,300 (53.1) | 21.54±4.83 | 10.44±2.10 | |||
Diagnosis of depression | Diagnosed | 93 (3.8) | 22.02±5.11 | -0.32 (.746) | 10.20±2.29 | -5.22 (<.001) |
Undiagnosed | 2,356 (96.2) | 22.19±4.89 | 11.53±2.41 | |||
Smoking | Smoking | 209 (8.5) | 23.61±4.94 | 1.43 (.153) | 11.09±2.45 | -2.48 (.013) |
Nonsmoking | 2,240 (91.5) | 22.76±4.89 | 11.52±2.42 | |||
Drinking | Drinking | 487 (19.9) | 22.92±4.79 | 0.45 (.656) | 11.38±2.42 | -4.25 (<.001) |
Nondrinking | 1,962 (80.1) | 22.78±4.91 | 11.90±2.38 | |||
Exercise | Exercise | 1,362 (55.6) | 22.94±4.62 | 8.60 (<.001) | 11.88±2.42 | 9.25 (<.001) |
No exercise | 1,087 (44.4) | 21.24±5.06 | 10.99±2.33 | |||
Physical Abuse | Yes | 8 (0.3) | 19.13±5.19 | -1.77 (.077) | 10.63±2.67 | -1.01 (.315) |
No | 2,441 (99.7) | 22.19±4.89 | 11.49±2.42 | |||
Emotional Abuse | Yes | 219 (8.9) | 22.34±4.60 | 0.52 (.603) | 10.68±2.53 | -5.17 (<.001) |
No | 2,230 (91.1) | 22.17±4.92 | 11.56±2.40 | |||
Economical Abuse | Yes | 16 (0.7) | 25.00±4.23 | 2.31 (.021) | 9.81±2.07 | -2.77 (<.001) |
No | 2,433 (99.3) | 22.16±4.89 | 11.49±2.42 | |||
Neglect of health care support | Yes | 75 (3.1) | 21.29±5.42 | -1.60 (.110) | 9.40±2.61 | -7.66 (<.001) |
No | 2,374 (96.9) | 22.21±4.87 | 11.55±2.39 | |||
Neglect of financial support | Yes | 136 (5.6) | 22.33±5.00 | 0.36 (.716) | 9.63±2.53 | -9.34 (<.001) |
No | 2,313 (94.4) | 22.17±4.89 | 11.59±2.37 |
Variables | Categories | B | SE | OR | 95% CI | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Low | High | ||||||
Sex (Ref: Male) | Female | .212 | .139 | 1.236 | .941 | 1.622 | .127 |
Age (Ref: 65~75) | ≥76 | .422 | .098 | 1.525 | 1.257 | 1.848 | <.001 |
Marital status (Ref: Not Bereaved) | Bereaved | .645 | .159 | 1.905 | 1.396 | 2.600 | <.001 |
Education level (Ref: None) | Elementary | −1.507 | .105 | .222 | .180 | .272 | <.001 |
Middle | −2.516 | .211 | .081 | .053 | .122 | <.001 | |
≥High | −2.582 | .190 | .076 | .052 | .110 | <.001 | |
Subjective health evaluation (Ref: Healthy) | ≤Moderate | .044 | .143. | 1.045 | .789 | 1.384 | .757 |
Exercise (Ref: Exercise) | No exercise | .458 | .099 | 1.581 | 1.301 | 1.920 | <.001 |
Economical abuse (Ref: Yes) | No abuse | 1.231 | .640 | 3.426 | .977 | 12.010 | .054 |
Health status satisfaction | −.059 | .069 | .942 | .823 | 1.079 | .390 | |
Economic status satisfaction | .072 | .063 | 1.075 | .951 | 1.216 | .250 | |
Socio-cultural activity satisfaction | −.229 | .068 | .795 | .696 | .910 | .001 | |
Social relationship satisfaction | .019 | .074 | 1.01 | .882 | 1.177 | .797 |
Variables | Categories | B | SE | OR | 95% CI | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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Low | High | ||||||
Marital status (Ref: Not Bereaved) | Bereaved | −1.076 | .158 | .341 | .250 | .465 | <.001 |
Education level (Ref: None) | Elementary | −.116 | .112 | .890 | .715 | 1.109 | .299 |
Middle | −.380 | .196 | .684 | .465 | 1.005 | .053 | |
≥High | −.451 | .176 | .637 | .451 | .901 | .011 | |
Working status (Ref: Working) | Not working | .298 | .108 | 1.348 | 1.091 | 1.665 | .006 |
Subjective health evaluation (Ref: Healthy) | ≤Moderate | 2.011 | .129 | 7.472 | 5.806 | 9.614 | <.001 |
Diagnosis of depression (Ref: Undiagnosed) | Diagnosed | .763 | .260 | 2.146 | 1.289 | 3.573 | .003 |
Smoking (Ref: Nonsmoking) | Smoking | .152 | .176 | 1.164 | .825 | 1.644 | .387 |
Drinking (Ref: Nondrinking) | Drinking | .219 | .121 | 1.245 | .982 | 1.578 | .070 |
Exercise (Ref: Exercise) | No exercise | .554 | .094 | 1.739 | 1.447 | 2.090 | <.001 |
Physical abuse (Ref: No) | Yes | .225 | .868 | 1.252 | .228 | 6.865 | .796 |
Emotional abuse (Ref: No) | Yes | .439 | .169 | 1.551 | 1.113 | 2.162 | .010 |
Economical abuse (Ref: No) | Yes | 1.586 | .710 | 4.883 | 1.215 | 19.629 | .025 |
Neglect of health care support (Ref: No) | Yes | .435 | .393 | 1.545 | .715 | 3.337 | .268 |
Neglect of financial support (Ref: No) | Yes | .909 | .285 | 2.482 | 1.421 | 4.337 | .001 |
cognitive function | −.041 | .011 | .959 | .939 | .981 | <.001 |