충북대학교 심리학과
Department of Psychology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
Copyright: © The Korean Journal of Stress Research
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1회기(프로그램 소개): 자기소개 및 참여 동기 나누기/만성통증에 대한 심리 모델과 ACT관점 소개/지금까지 적용해왔던 통증조절(통제) 전략과 그 비효과성 확인
2회기(가치 찾기): 현재 가장 많은 시간 에너지를 투자하는 활동이 무엇인지 확인/주요한 삶의 영역에서 가치 찾기
3회기(인지적 탈융합): 통증과 관련된 부정적(재앙적)사고에 대한 평가나 변화시키려는 시도 없이 ‘생각’만으로 관찰하기/사고, 감정, 통증과의 분리 연습
4회기(수용 및 현재 경험에 접촉하기): ‘현재에 머물기’명상/사적 경험과 거리 두기 위한 통증에 형태 만들기
5회기(전념 행동): 가치, 목표, 장애물, 전략들을 서로 연결시키기
6회기(가치 중심 삶의 시작): 구체적인 가치 중심의 삶의 계획 짜기
7회기(가치 중심 삶의 경험): 실습 및 경험담(실천 전략, 장애물) 나누기
8회기(프로그램 마무리): 치료과정 핵심 숙지/프로그램 내용 정리 및 평가하기/소감나누기
Category | ACT group (n=25) | Control group (n=27) | t or χ2 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (Mean) | 77.84 (3.22) | 77.37 (3.86) | .47 | .638 | |
Gender | Male | 1 (4%) | 3 (11.1%) | .92 | .336 |
Female | 24 (96%) | 24 (88.9%) | |||
Religion | No religion | 8 (32%) | 11 (40.7%) | 2.22 | .527 |
Christian | 8 (32%) | 4 (14.8%) | |||
Buddhism | 4 (16%) | 6 (22.2%) | |||
Catholic | 5 (20%) | 6 (22.2%) | |||
Education Level | Elementary | 18 (72%) | 24 (88.9%) | 3.28 | .193 |
Middle school | 2 (8%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Uneducated | 5 (20%) | 3 (11.1%) | |||
Living Condition | Living alone | 11 (44%) | 14 (51.9%) | 1.77 | .412 |
Living with spouse | 9 (36%) | 11 (40.7%) | |||
Living with child | 5 (20%) | 2 (7.4%) | |||
Economic status | Difficult | 10 (40%) | 8 (29.6%) | .62 | .432 |
Normal | 15 (60%) | 19 (70.4%) | |||
Pain | Limbs | 20 (80%) | 23 (85.2%) | .24 | .621 |
Back | 5 (20%) | 4 (14.8%) | |||
Duration of pain | 6M~12M | 2 (8%) | 1 (3.7%) | .55 | .906 |
13M~24M | 2 (8%) | 2 (7.4%) | |||
25M~36M | 2 (8%) | 3 (11.1%) | |||
37≤ | 19 (76%) | 21 (77.8%) |
Variable | ACT group (n=25) | Control group (n=27) | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||
Outcome Variables | Pain intensity | 5.66 (0.58) | 5.44 (0.49) | 1.51 | .138 |
Pain interference | 4.82 (1.29) | 4.90 (1.80) | −.19 | .852 | |
Life satisfaction | 19.84 (5.58) | 20.37 (5.75) | −.34 | .738 | |
Potential Mediators | Depression | 7.72 (3.38) | 6.88 (3.41) | .88 | .383 |
Anxiety | 7.24 (2.06) | 6.63 (3.00) | .85 | .401 | |
Kinesiophobia | 28.04 (3.59) | 27.63 (3.48) | .42 | .678 | |
Self-efficacy | 86.28 (11.79) | 88.25 (14.20) | −.54 | .589 | |
Psychological inflexibility | 63.40 (12.27) | 67.70 (16.11) | −1.08 | .287 | |
Catastrophizing | 25.32 (6.38) | 23.51 (8.14) | .88 | .382 |
Source | TypeIIISS | df | MS | F | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pain intensity | Pre score | .23 | 1 | .23 | .31 | .006 |
Group | 6.25 | 1 | 6.25 | 8.34 | ||
Error | 36.75 | 49 | .75 | |||
Pain interference | Pre score | 21.61 | 1 | 21.61 | 8.95 | .003 |
Group | 23.90 | 1 | 23.90 | 9.91 | ||
Error | 118.20 | 49 | 2.41 | |||
Life satisfaction | Pre score | 169.20 | 1 | 169.20 | 4.65 | .080 |
Group | 116.56 | 1 | 116.56 | 3.20 | ||
Error | 1781.64 | 49 | 36.36 |
Source | TypeIIISS | df | MS | F | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Depression | Pre score | 1.41 | 1 | 1.41 | .18 | |
Group | .79 | 1 | .79 | .10 | .753 | |
Error | 387.10 | 49 | 7.90 | |||
Anxiety | Pre score | 12.62 | 1 | 12.62 | 1.73 | |
Group | 41.24 | 1 | 41.24 | 5.67 | .021 | |
Error | 356.10 | 49 | 7.27 | |||
Kinesiophobia | Pre score | 88.21 | 1 | 88.21 | 5.92 | |
Group | 6.73 | 1 | 6.73 | .45 | .505 | |
Error | 729.66 | 49 | 14.89 | |||
Self-efficacy | Pre score | 319.27 | 1 | 319.27 | 2.56 | |
Group | 11.39 | 1 | 11.39 | .09 | .763 | |
Error | 6094.82 | 49 | 124.38 | |||
Catastrophizing | Pre score | 554.23 | 1 | 554.23 | 7.61 | |
Group | 164.87 | 1 | 164.87 | 2.26 | .139 | |
Error | 3567.63 | 49 | 72.80 | |||
Psychological inflexibility | Pre score | 985.78 | 1 | 985.78 | 8.88 | |
Group | 1112.63 | 1 | 1112.63 | 10.03 | .003 | |
Error | 5434.99 | 49 | 110.92 |
Variable | ACT group (n=25) | t | p | Control group (n=27) | t | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | Pre | Post | |||||
M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |||||
Pain intensity | 5.66 (0.58) | 4.68 (0.83) | 5.05 | .000 | 5.43 (0.49) | 5.36 (0.88) | .39 | .698 |
Pain interference | 4.82 (1.28) | 3.92 (1.32) | 2.86 | .009 | 4.90 (1.80) | 5.31 (1.93) | −1.08 | .287 |
Life satisfaction | 19.84 (5.58) | 21.68 (6.24) | −1.51 | .144 | 20.37 (5.75) | 18.85 (6.24) | .99 | .328 |
Depression | 7.72 (3.38) | 5.20 (3.04) | 2.60 | .016 | 6.88 (3.41) | 5.40 (2.53) | 2.10 | .045 |
Anxiety | 7.24 (2.06) | 4.36 (2.67) | 4.24 | .000 | 6.62 (3.0) | 6.03 (2.75) | .90 | .372 |
Kinesiophobia | 28.04 (3.59) | 25.84 (3.86) | 2.95 | .007 | 27.62 (3.48) | 26.40 (4.19) | 1.27 | .213 |
Self-efficacy | 86.28 (11.79) | 90.16 (11.42) | −1.40 | .174 | 88.25 (14.20) | 91.48 (11.23) | −1.01 | .320 |
Catastrophizing | 25.32 (6.38) | 16.52 (7.40) | 5.59 | .000 | 23.51 (8.14) | 19.29 (10.38) | 2.07 | .048 |
Psychological inflexibility | 63.40 (12.27) | 57.16 (11.50) | 2.21 | .037 | 67.70 (16.11) | 67.85 (11.16) | −.05 | .959 |
Mediator | Path | B | SE | t | p | Bootstrap results (95% confidence interval) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anxiety | a | −1.677 | 0.754 | −2.225 | .031 | |
b | 0.048 | 0.051 | 0.939 | .352 | ||
Total (c) | −0.906 | 0.271 | −3.341 | .002 | ||
Direct (c’) | −0.826 | 0.285 | −2.901 | .006 | ||
a*b | −0.080 | 0.100 | −0.800 | .424 | −0.424~0.036 | |
Psychological inflexibility | a | −10.692 | 3.145 | −3.399 | .001 | |
b | 0.003 | 0.012 | 0.255 | .800 | ||
Total (c) | −0.906 | 0.271 | −3.341 | .002 | ||
Direct (c’) | −0.872 | 0.304 | −2.873 | .006 | ||
a*b | −0.034 | 0.138 | −0.244 | .807 | −0.375~0.195 |
Mediator | Path | B | SE | t | p | Bootstrap results (95% confidence interval) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anxiety | a | −1.677 | 0.754 | −2.225 | .031 | |
b | 0.052 | 0.094 | 0.560 | .578 | ||
Total (c) | −1.310 | 0.497 | −2.635 | .011 | ||
Direct (c’) | −1.222 | 0.525 | −2.328 | .024 | ||
a*b | −0.088 | 0.177 | −0.497 | .619 | −0.493~0.147 | |
Psychological inflexibility | a | −10.692 | 3.145 | −3.399 | .001 | |
b | −0.022 | 0.022 | −0.967 | .338 | ||
Total (c) | −1.310 | 0.497 | −2.635 | .011 | ||
Direct (c’) | −1.541 | 0.552 | −2.793 | .007 | ||
a*b | 0.231 | 0.258 | 0.895 | .371 | −0.139~0.736 |