가천대학교 간호대학
College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
Copyright: © The Korean Journal of Stress Research
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Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 3 | ||||
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β | t | β | t | β | t | |
FE | −.020 | −.373 | −.036 | −.663 | −.022 | −.408 |
ED | −.167 | −3.156** | −.161 | −3.027** | −.139 | −2.558* |
EE | .319 | 6.015*** | .304 | 5.594*** | .288 | 5.280*** |
AUE | .071 | 1.266 | .032 | .573 | ||
FE×AUE | .085 | 1.575 | ||||
ED×AUE | −.104 | −1.854 | ||||
EE×AUE | .134 | 2.380* | ||||
F | 15.425*** | 11.992*** | 8.569*** | |||
R2 | .130 | .134 | .164 | |||
∆F | 1.602 | 3.602* | ||||
∆R2 | .004 | .030* |
Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 3 | ||||
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β | t | β | t | β | t | |
FE | −.020 | −.373 | −.060 | −1.129 | −.041 | −.784 |
ED | −.167 | −3.156** | −.135 | −2.560* | −.126 | −2.432* |
EE | .319 | 6.015*** | .305 | 5.861*** | .321 | 6.250*** |
AUOE | .203 | 3.774*** | .153 | 2.802** | ||
FE×AUOE | −.016 | −.282 | ||||
ED×AUOE | .027 | .462 | ||||
EE×AUOE | .195 | 3.151** | ||||
F | 15.425*** | 15.624*** | 11.374*** | |||
R2 | .130 | .168 | .206 | |||
∆F | 14.245*** | 4.9154** | ||||
∆R2 | .038*** | .038** |
Variable | Attribute | Frequency | % |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 124 | 39.5 |
Female | 190 | 60.5 | |
Age | Under 20 years | 4 | 1.3 |
20~29 years | 143 | 45.5 | |
30~39 years | 120 | 38.2 | |
40~49 years | 47 | 15.0 | |
Over 50 years | 0 | 0.0 | |
Education | High school grad. | 6 | 1.9 |
Junior college grad. | 60 | 19.1 | |
University grad. | 216 | 68.8 | |
Graduate school grad. | 32 | 10.2 | |
Working years in hotel industry | Under 1 year | 44 | 14.0 |
1~3 years | 78 | 24.8 | |
4~6 years | 66 | 21.0 | |
7~9 years | 33 | 10.5 | |
10~11 years | 35 | 11.1 | |
Over 12 years | 58 | 18.5 |
Factor Loadings | |||
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FAC1 | FAC2 | FAC3 | |
Emotional effort (EE) | |||
When helping the consumer, I try to create emotions in myself that present the image of my hotel desires. | .800 | ||
I try to truly feel the emotions that I have to show when communicate with consumers. | .790 | ||
When I was ready for work, I said myself that today will be a good day. | .787 | ||
I usually think of pleasant things when starting work. | .783 | ||
I focus more on my behavior when I show emotions that I do not truly feel. | .692 | ||
I endeavor to reflect positive emotions to consumers. | .586 | ||
Fake emotion (FE) | |||
I show fake emotions when dealing with consumers. | .743 | ||
I insert the fake facial expressions to reflect right emotions form my job. | .725 | ||
I have to hide my true feelings when dealing with consumers. | .722 | ||
I fake in order to deal with consumers in a right way. | .720 | ||
I show the emotions to consumers that I am actually felt. (r) | .570 | ||
Emotional dissonance (ED) | |||
My communication with consumers is like a robot. | .771 | ||
I behave differently from how I actually feel. | .738 | ||
I show emotions that I am not truly feeling. | .633 | ||
Eigenvalues | 4.041 | 3.179 | 1.224 |
% of variance explained (total=60.310) | 28.865 | 22.705 | 8.740 |
Cronbach’s alpha (total=.792) | .844 | .773 | .710 |
Kaiser-Meyer Olkin coefficient=.806, Bartlett’s Test of Chi-Square=1769.824 (p<.001) |
Factor Loadings | ||||
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FAC1 | FAC2 | FAC3 | FAC4 | |
Ability to Understand Emotion (AUE) | ||||
I have good understanding of my own emotions. | .857 | |||
I have a good sense of why I have certain feelings most of the time. | .814 | |||
I really understand what I feel. | .806 | |||
I always know whether or not I am happy. | .761 | |||
Ability to Control Emotion (ACE) | ||||
I am quite capable of controlling my own emotions. | .882 | |||
I can always calm down quickly when I am very angry. | .868 | |||
I have good control of my own emotions. | .801 | |||
I am able to control my temper and handle difficulties rationally. | .633 | |||
Ability to Understand Others’ Emotion (AUOE) | ||||
I am a good observer of others’ emotions. | .821 | |||
I have good understanding of the emotions of people around me. | .782 | |||
I always know my friends’ emotions from their behavior. | .742 | |||
I am sensitive to the feelings and emotions of others. | .694 | |||
Ability to Motivation (AM) | ||||
I am a self-motivated person. | .817 | |||
I always set goals for myself and then try my best to achieve them. | .767 | |||
I would always encourage myself to try my best. | .713 | |||
I always tell myself I am a competent person. | .635 | |||
Eigenvalues | 6.107 | 1.992 | 1.586 | 1.370 |
% of variance explained (total=69.095) | 38.170 | 12.450 | 9.913 | 8.562 |
Cronbach’s alpha (total=.888) | .881 | .854 | .817 | .792 |
Kaiser-Meyer Olkin coefficient=.845, Bartlett’s Test of Chi-Square=2618.840 (p<.001) |
Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 3 | ||||
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β | t | β | t | β | t | |
FE | −.020 | −.373 | −.036 | −.663 | −.022 | −.408 |
ED | −.167 | −3.156 |
−.161 | −3.027 |
−.139 | −2.558 |
EE | .319 | 6.015 |
.304 | 5.594 |
.288 | 5.280 |
AUE | .071 | 1.266 | .032 | .573 | ||
FE×AUE | .085 | 1.575 | ||||
ED×AUE | −.104 | −1.854 | ||||
EE×AUE | .134 | 2.380 |
||||
F | 15.425 |
11.992 |
8.569 |
|||
R2 | .130 | .134 | .164 | |||
∆F | 1.602 | 3.602 |
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∆R2 | .004 | .030 |
Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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β | t | β | t | β | t | |
FE | −.020 | −.373 | −.060 | −1.129 | −.041 | −.784 |
ED | −.167 | −3.156 |
−.135 | −2.560 |
−.126 | −2.432 |
EE | .319 | 6.015 |
.305 | 5.861 |
.321 | 6.250 |
AUOE | .203 | 3.774 |
.153 | 2.802 |
||
FE×AUOE | −.016 | −.282 | ||||
ED×AUOE | .027 | .462 | ||||
EE×AUOE | .195 | 3.151 |
||||
F | 15.425 |
15.624 |
11.374 |
|||
R2 | .130 | .168 | .206 | |||
∆F | 14.245 |
4.9154 |
||||
∆R2 | .038 |
.038 |
Dependent variable: job satisfaction (JS). p<.05, p<.01, p<.001. FE: Fake Emotion, ED: Emotional Dissonance, EE: Emotional Effort, AUE: Ability to Understand Emotion.
Dependent variable: job satisfaction (JS). p<.05, p<.01, p<.001. FE: Fake Emotion, ED: Emotional Dissonance, EE: Emotional Effort, AUOE: Ability to Understand Others’ Emotion.