국립목포대학교 간호학과
Department of Nursing, Mokpo National University, Muan, Korea
Copyright: © The Korean Journal of Stress Research
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Male | Female | |||||
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β a | t | p | β a | t | p | |
Stress | 0.40 | 3.679 | <.001 | 0.43 | 5.590 | <.001 |
Depressive symptoms | 0.18 | 1.538 | .129 | 0.42 | 5.298 | <.001 |
Types of coping strategies | ||||||
Problem focused | −0.32 | −2.801 | .007 | −0.12 | −1.344 | .181 |
Seeking social support | −0.17 | −1.427 | .158 | −0.25 | −2.793 | .006 |
Emotional focused | 0.04 | 0.269 | .789 | 0.05 | 0.554 | .580 |
Wishful thinking | 0.04 | 0.306 | .761 | 0.20 | 2.372 | .019 |
Male | Female | p | Total | ||||
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N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
N= | 75 | 138 | 213 | ||||
Age (mean±SD) | 19.36 | ±1.48 | 19.03 | ±0.82 | .036 | 19.15 | ±1.10 |
Major | <.001 | ||||||
Humanities/social science/art/others | 14 | 18.7 | 48 | 34.8 | 62 | 29.1 | |
Natural sciences | 34 | 45.3 | 38 | 27.5 | 72 | 33.8 | |
Engineering | 17 | 22.7 | 13 | 9.4 | 30 | 14.1 | |
Health sciences (nursing/pharmacy) | 10 | 13.3 | 39 | 28.3 | 49 | 23.0 | |
Academic grades (GPA) | .008 | ||||||
Low (≤2) | 34 | 45.3 | 34 | 24.6 | 68 | 31.9 | |
Middle (2.10~3.99) | 30 | 40.0 | 76 | 55.1 | 106 | 49.8 | |
High (≥4) | 11 | 14.7 | 28 | 20.3 | 39 | 18.3 | |
Self-rated health | .295 | ||||||
Good/very good | 26 | 34.7 | 34 | 24.6 | 60 | 28.2 | |
Fair | 36 | 48.0 | 75 | 54.3 | 111 | 52.1 | |
Poor/very poor | 13 | 17.3 | 29 | 21.0 | 42 | 19.7 | |
Self-rated health | .591 | ||||||
Fair/good/very good | 62 | 82.7 | 109 | 79.0 | 171 | 80.3 | |
Poor/very poor | 13 | 17.3 | 29 | 21.0 | 42 | 19.7 | |
Smoking | <.001 | ||||||
No | 62 | 82.7 | 137 | 99.3 | 199 | 93.4 | |
Yes | 13 | 17.3 | 1 | .7 | 14 | 6.6 | |
AUDIT score (mean±SD) | 9.51 | ±6.11 | 9.12 | ±7.01 | .685 | 9.25 | ±6.70 |
Level of problem drinking (AUDIT score) | .669 | ||||||
Never drinking (0) | 6 | 8.0 | 18 | 13.0 | 24 | 11.3 | |
Non-problem drinking (1~7) | 24 | 32.0 | 46 | 33.3 | 70 | 32.9 | |
Problem drinking (8~11) | 34 | 45.3 | 50 | 36.2 | 84 | 39.4 | |
Risky drinking (12~19) | 5 | 6.7 | 11 | 8.0 | 16 | 7.5 | |
Alcoholic drinking (≥20) | 6 | 8.0 | 13 | 9.4 | 19 | 8.9 | |
Physical activity (≥ 3times a week) | <.001 | ||||||
No | 29 | 38.7 | 21 | 15.2 | 50 | 23.5 | |
Yes | 46 | 61.3 | 117 | 84.8 | 163 | 76.5 |
Male | Female | p | All | ||||||||||
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Mean | SD | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Min | Max | ||
N= | 75 | 138 | 213 | ||||||||||
Total score of Type D personality | 20.67 | 8.42 | 1 | 44 | 22.49 | 8.75 | 1 | 44 | .036 | 22.85 | 8.66 | 1 | 44 |
Negative affectivity | 10.60 | 4.93 | 0 | 24 | 10.75 | 4.96 | 1 | 23 | .837 | 10.69 | 4.94 | 0 | 24 |
Social inhibition | 10.07 | 4.71 | 0 | 24 | 11.75 | 4.89 | 0 | 25 | .016 | 11.15 | 4.88 | 0 | 25 |
Type D personality | |||||||||||||
No | 48 | 64.0% | 62 | 44.9% | .008 | 110 | 51.6% | ||||||
Yes | 27 | 36.0% | 76 | 55.1% | 103 | 48.4% | |||||||
Stress | 37.76 | 16.66 | 1 | 73 | 40.33 | 16.41 | 2 | 83 | .279 | 39.42 | 16.50 | 1 | 83 |
Depressive symptoms | 5.15 | 3.64 | 0 | 18 | 5.82 | 3.93 | 0 | 22 | 5.58 | 3.84 | 0 | 22 | |
No | 37 | 49.3% | 58 | 42.0% | .219 | 95 | 44.6% | ||||||
Yes | 38 | 50.7% | 80 | 58.0% | 118 | 55.4% | |||||||
Total scores of coping strategies | 72.43 | 9.98 | 37 | 94 | 75.72 | 6.70 | 58 | 92 | .004 | 74.56 | 8.14 | 37 | 94 |
Problem focused | 18.97 | 3.44 | 12 | 24 | 19.06 | 2.80 | 11 | 24 | .846 | 19.03 | 3.03 | 11 | 24 |
Seeking social support | 18.11 | 3.83 | 6 | 24 | 19.20 | 3.25 | 8 | 24 | .300 | 18.81 | 3.50 | 6 | 24 |
Emotional focused | 16.07 | 3.18 | 7 | 22 | 16.48 | 2.84 | 10 | 23 | .334 | 16.33 | 2.96 | 7 | 23 |
Wishful thinking | 19.28 | 3.17 | 8 | 24 | 20.99 | 2.02 | 12 | 24 | <.001 | 20.39 | 2.61 | 8 | 24 |
Male | Female | Gender differences | ||||||||||
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Non Type D | Type D | p | Non Type D | Type D | p | F | p | |||||
Stress | 31.94 | 15.14 | 48.11 | 14.18 | <.001 | 32.19 | 14.77 | 46.96 | 14.66 | <.001 | 1.176 | .279 |
Depressive symptoms | 4.50 | 3.07 | 6.30 | 4.31 | .039 | 3.85 | 2.89 | 7.45 | 3.95 | <.001 | 1.517 | .219 |
Types of coping strategies | ||||||||||||
Problem focused | 19.75 | 3.14 | 17.59 | 3.59 | .008 | 19.50 | 2.59 | 18.70 | 2.92 | .094 | 0.038 | .846 |
Seeking social support | 18.60 | 3.90 | 17.22 | 3.61 | .135 | 19.87 | 3.27 | 18.64 | 3.15 | .027 | 4.800 | .030 |
Emotional focused | 16.00 | 3.46 | 16.19 | 2.65 | .810 | 16.40 | 2.78 | 16.54 | 2.90 | .781 | 0.937 | .334 |
Wishful thinking | 19.23 | 3.43 | 19.37 | 2.72 | .855 | 20.63 | 2.20 | 21.29 | 1.81 | .055 | 23.099 | <.001 |
Male | Female | |||||
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β
|
t | p | β
|
t | p | |
Stress | 0.40 | 3.679 | <.001 | 0.43 | 5.590 | <.001 |
Depressive symptoms | 0.18 | 1.538 | .129 | 0.42 | 5.298 | <.001 |
Types of coping strategies | ||||||
Problem focused | −0.32 | −2.801 | .007 | −0.12 | −1.344 | .181 |
Seeking social support | −0.17 | −1.427 | .158 | −0.25 | −2.793 | .006 |
Emotional focused | 0.04 | 0.269 | .789 | 0.05 | 0.554 | .580 |
Wishful thinking | 0.04 | 0.306 | .761 | 0.20 | 2.372 | .019 |
Adjusted for socio-demographic (age, major, academic grade) and health-related characteristics (smoking, drinking, physical activity, and self-rated health status).