가톨릭대학교 의생명산업연구원 정서연구실
가톨릭대학교 의과대학 정신과학교실
Emotion Lab, Institute of Medical Industry
Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
Copyright: © The Korean Journal of Stress Research
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Model | χ2 | df | ∆χ2 | ∆df | RMSEA | TLI | CFI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 349.555 | 187 | 0.063 | 0.934 | 0.951 | ||
4 | 289.843 | 167 | 59.712 | 20 | 0.058 | 0.944 | 0.963 |
5 | 245.500 | 148 | 44.343 | 19 | 0.055 | 0.951 | 0.971 |
Factor | Group | M (SD) | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Optimism | patients | 19.46 (6.12) | 4.28*** | .000 | |
control | 24.97 (3.54) | ||||
Purpose & Hope | patients | 15.92 (6.22) | 3.69*** | .000 | |
control | 20.90 (3.99) | ||||
Self control | patients | 13.96 (4.38) | 2.79** | .007 | |
control | 16.94 (3.71) | ||||
Social resource | Support | patients | 8.69 (2.75) | 4.59*** | .000 |
control | 11.58 (2.01) | ||||
Care | patients | 6.42 (2.08) | .65 | .516 | |
control | 6.74 (1.59) | ||||
Total | patients | 64.46 (18.26) | 4.33*** | .000 | |
control | 81.13 (10.68) |
POREST | Optimism | Purpose & Hope | Self Control | Support | Care | SWLS | HADS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
POREST | ||||||||
Optimism | .83** | |||||||
Purpose & Hope | .82** | .58** | ||||||
Self control | .74** | .54** | .52** | |||||
Support | .65** | .54** | .39** | .39** | ||||
Care | .47** | .29** | .34** | .32** | .33** | .28** | ||
SWLS | .57** | .62** | .41** | .41** | .40** | .13** | ||
HADS | −.51** | −.51** | −.35** | −.31** | −.41** | −.10** | ||
M (SD) | 80.11 (12.45) | 18.10 (3.74) | 17.51 (3.69) | 13.89 (2.97) | 11.06 (2.33) | 6.98 (1.57) | 21.97 (6.56) | 12.27 (6.10) |
Variable | N | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 104 | 45.8 |
Female | 122 | 53.7 | |
Age | 10 | 14 | 6.2 |
20 | 82 | 36.1 | |
30 | 54 | 23.8 | |
40 | 29 | 12.8 | |
50 | 29 | 12.8 | |
60 | 4 | 1.8 | |
≥70 | 9 | 3.9 | |
Marital status | Never married | 130 | 57.3 |
Married | 93 | 41.0 | |
Divorced | 2 | 0.9 | |
Widowed | 2 | 0.9 | |
Education | Under Middle school graduates | 6 | 2.7 |
High school graduates | 54 | 23.8 | |
Junior college | 16 | 7.0 | |
Bachelor’s | 116 | 51.1 | |
Master’s | 32 | 14.1 |
Variable | N | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 124 | 43.2 |
Female | 162 | 56.4 | |
Age | 10 | 4 | 1.4 |
20 | 102 | 35.5 | |
30 | 76 | 26.5 | |
40 | 37 | 12.9 | |
50 | 40 | 13.9 | |
60 | 9 | 3.1 | |
≥70 | 9 | 3.1 | |
Marital status | Never married | 160 | 55.7 |
Married | 118 | 41.1 | |
Divorced | 8 | 2.8 | |
Widowed | - | - | |
Education | Under Middle school graduates | 9 | 3.1 |
High school graduates | 56 | 19.5 | |
Junior college | 16 | 5.6 | |
Bachelor’s | 158 | 55.1 | |
Master’s | 41 | 14.3 |
Variable | N | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 124 | 43.2 |
Female | 162 | 56.4 | |
Age | 10 | 4 | 1.4 |
20 | 102 | 35.5 | |
30 | 76 | 26.5 | |
40 | 37 | 12.9 | |
50 | 40 | 13.9 | |
60 | 9 | 3.1 | |
≥70 | 9 | 3.1 | |
Marital status | Never married | 160 | 55.7 |
Married | 118 | 41.1 | |
Divorced | 8 | 2.8 | |
Widowed | - | - | |
Education | Under Middle school graduates | 9 | 3.1 |
High school graduates | 56 | 19.5 | |
Junior college | 16 | 5.6 | |
Bachelor’s | 158 | 55.1 | |
Master’s | 41 | 14.3 |
Model | χ2 | df | ∆χ2 | ∆df | RMSEA | TLI | CFI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 349.555 | 187 | 0.063 | 0.934 | 0.951 | ||
4 | 289.843 | 167 | 59.712 | 20 | 0.058 | 0.944 | 0.963 |
5 | 245.500 | 148 | 44.343 | 19 | 0.055 | 0.951 | 0.971 |
No. | Items | Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 | Factor 4 | Factor 5 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Optimism | 1 | I am satisfied with my life. | .693 | .198 | .012 | −.088 | .002 | |
2 | I experience fear frequently. | .321 | .044 | .163 | .009 | .132 | ||
3 | I experience pleasure frequently. | .783 | .032 | .085 | .047 | .011 | ||
4 | I have so much in life to be thank for. | .469 | .180 | .019 | .194 | .061 | ||
5 | I usually accept the situation I’m in well. | .500 | 002 | .233 | .141 | .039 | ||
13 | I usually control my emotions by changing the way I think about the situation I’m in. | .346 | .145 | .130 | .159 | −.030 | ||
17 | Overall, I expect more good things to happen to me than bad. | .380 | .337 | .001 | .143 | .075 | ||
Purpose & Hope | 8 | I have the sense that I have developed a lot as a person over time. | .321 | .505 | .019 | −.033 | −.020 | |
11 | I try to achieve my goals even in difficult situations. | .019 | .503 | .385 | .080 | .075 | ||
15 | I feel a sens of purpose in my life. | .038 | .729 | .003 | .150 | .062 | ||
16 | I head for my goals with hope. | .007 | .851 | .021 | .104 | .015 | ||
18 | My life depends on invisible spiritual beings. | .072 | .378 | .171 | .119 | .149 | ||
19 | I spare time and effort for values which is important for me. | .044 | .398 | .315 | .266 | .079 | ||
Self control | 6 | I judge myself by what I think is important, not by the values of what others think is important. | .324 | −.052 | .552 | −.083 | −.126 | |
7 | I fulfill my responsibility in everyday life. | .216 | .293 | .322 | .046 | .033 | ||
9 | I am confident that I can do my duties well. | .033 | .336 | .450 | .108 | .072 | ||
10 | I am usually absorbed in work, study or other activity. | −.048 | .083 | .709 | .032 | .176 | ||
12 | I usually exercise regularly for health. | .209 | −.010 | .290 | −.169 | .026 | ||
Social resources | Social support | 14 | I know that I can trust my friends, and they know they can trust me. | .188 | .019 | .100 | .472 | .019 |
20 | I get love and affection. | .134 | .246 | .074 | .503 | .083 | ||
21 | I have chances to talk someone I trust about my personal or family problems. | .030 | .013 | .015 | .771 | .018 | ||
Care | 22 | I tend to lead helping others even if I have to sacrifice myself. | .055 | .042 | .008 | .034 | .994 | |
23 | I try to help people around me if they have problems. | .045 | .063 | .164 | .157 | .513 |
Variable | N | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 82 | 41 |
Female | 118 | 59 | |
Age | 10 | 12 | 6 |
20 | 56 | 28 | |
30 | 64 | 32 | |
40 | 32 | 16 | |
50 | 21 | 10.5 | |
60 | 13 | 6.5 | |
≥70 | 2 | 1 | |
Marital status | Never married | 91 | 45.5 |
Married | 97 | 48.5 | |
Divorced | 5 | 2.5 | |
Widowed | 7 | 3.5 | |
Education | Under Middle school graduates | 2 | 1 |
High school graduates | 28 | 14 | |
Junior college | 35 | 17.5 | |
Bachelor’s | 113 | 56.5 | |
Master’s | 22 | 11 | |
Adjustment | 9 | 4.5 | |
Depression | 124 | 62 | |
Anxeity | 117 | 58.5 | |
Somatoform | 14 | 7 |
Factor | Group | M (SD) | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Optimism | patients | 19.46 (6.12) | 4.28 |
.000 | |
control | 24.97 (3.54) | ||||
Purpose & Hope | patients | 15.92 (6.22) | 3.69 |
.000 | |
control | 20.90 (3.99) | ||||
Self control | patients | 13.96 (4.38) | 2.79 |
.007 | |
control | 16.94 (3.71) | ||||
Social resource | Support | patients | 8.69 (2.75) | 4.59 |
.000 |
control | 11.58 (2.01) | ||||
Care | patients | 6.42 (2.08) | .65 | .516 | |
control | 6.74 (1.59) | ||||
Total | patients | 64.46 (18.26) | 4.33 |
.000 | |
control | 81.13 (10.68) |
POREST | Optimism | Purpose & Hope | Self Control | Support | Care | SWLS | HADS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
POREST | ||||||||
Optimism | .83 |
|||||||
Purpose & Hope | .82 |
.58 |
||||||
Self control | .74 |
.54 |
.52 |
|||||
Support | .65 |
.54 |
.39 |
.39 |
||||
Care | .47 |
.29 |
.34 |
.32 |
.33 |
.28 |
||
SWLS | .57 |
.62 |
.41 |
.41 |
.40 |
.13 |
||
HADS | −.51 |
−.51 |
−.35 |
−.31 |
−.41 |
−.10 |
||
M (SD) | 80.11 (12.45) | 18.10 (3.74) | 17.51 (3.69) | 13.89 (2.97) | 11.06 (2.33) | 6.98 (1.57) | 21.97 (6.56) | 12.27 (6.10) |
*Unmatched numbers are missing values.
*Unmatched numbers are missing values.
*Unmatched numbers are missing values.
**p<.01.
*Unmatched numbers are missing values.
p<.05, p<.01, p<.001.
p<.01.