, 유은광
, Eun Kwang Yoo
한양대학교 대학원
한양대학교 간호학부
Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
Department of Nursing, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
Copyright: © The Korean Journal of Stress Research
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| Variables | Categories | N (%) | Job stress | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Occupational stress (total) | Job demand (subscale) | |||||
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| M±SD | F or t (p) | M±SD | F or t (p) | |||
| Age | 25~29 | 94 (54.3) | 45.9±6.34a | 9.271 (0.000)* | 73.99±12.54 | 2.703 (0.07) |
| 30~39 | 65 (37.6) | 41.57±8.66b | 70.73±12.62 | |||
| 40~49 | 14 (8.1) | 49.16±8.91a | 78.58±13.19 | |||
| Marital status | Married | 59 (34.1) | 41.5±8.78 | 14.475 (0.000)* | 69.65±11.05 | 6.947 (0.009)* |
| Single | 114 (65.9) | 46.12±6.86 | 74.94±13.23 | |||
| Education | Community college | 53 (30.6) | 46.17±7.45 | 2.216 (0.112) | 74.5±11.07 | 0.443 (0.644) |
| University | 109 (63) | 44.06±8.28 | 72.48±13.41 | |||
| Graduate school | 11 (6.4) | 41.45±2.33 | 73.1±14.16 | |||
| Clinical practice career (year) | <5 | 55 (31.8) | 44.81±6.31a | 10.072 (0.000)* | 72.97±9.73 | 2.031 (0.112) |
| 5≤10 | 77 (44.5) | 45.57±7.64a | 74.62±14.33 | |||
| 10≤15 | 22 (12.7) | 37.01±7.33b | 67.23±11.97 | |||
| 15≤ | 19 (11) | 48.36±8.49a | 74.48±13.44 | |||
| Working department | Ward | 108 (62.4) | 44.21±8.63 | 0.873 (0.452) | 72.91±13.46 | 1.461 (0.228) |
| ICU | 28 (16.2) | 44.03±6.44 | 75.47±11.83 | |||
| ER | 16 (9.2) | 44.27±5.13 | 76.25±8.27 | |||
| OR | 21 (12.1) | 47.14±6.98 | 68.81±12.31 | |||
| Practice career as a preceptor (year) | <1 | 43 (24.9) | 44.19±5.89 | 3.152 (0.020) | 71.35±10.32 | 1.603 (0.191) |
| 1≤3 | 66 (38.2) | 46.69±6.91 | 74.84±13.42 | |||
| 3≤5 | 28 (16.2) | 42.7±8.18 | 75.5±12.86 | |||
| 5≤ | 36 (20.8) | 42.45±10.25 | 70.31±13.66 | |||
| Experience for preceptorship education | Yes | 127 (73.4) | 44.45±7.36 | 2.629 (0.211) | 73.45±13.27 | 0.278 (0.599) |
| No | 46 (26.6) | 43.03±8.69 | 72.29±11.25 | |||
| Education period per new nurse (week) | <4 | 60 (34.7) | 46.58±7.91 | 3.230 (0.041) | 70.35±13.08a | 4.965 (0.008)* |
| 4≤8 | 95 (54.9) | 43.35±7.10 | 73.44±11.52a | |||
| 8≤ | 18 (10.4) | 44.02±10.28 | 80.84±15.02b | |||
| No. of new nurse per preceptor | 1~2/year | 130 (75.1) | 45.18±7.13 | 3.552 (0.060) | 73.85±12.67 | 1.646 (0.202) |
| 3~4/year | 43 (24.9) | 42.59±9.55 | 70.98±12.87 | |||
| Variables | Categories | N (%) | Preceptor’s burden | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||
| M±SD | F or t (p) | |||
| Age | 25~29 | 94 (54.3) | 2.53±0.27 | 1.265 (0.282) |
| 30~39 | 65 (37.6) | 2.52±0.28 | ||
| 40~49 | 14 (8.1) | 2.41±0.19 | ||
| Marital status | Married | 59 (34.1) | 2.48±0.28 | 1.692 (0.195) |
| Single | 114 (65.9) | 2.54±0.27 | ||
| Education | Community collegea | 53 (30.6) | 2.48±0.27 | 3.599 (0.021) |
| Universitya | 109 (63) | 2.51±0.27 | ||
| Graduate schoolb | 11 (6.4) | 2.72±0.14 | ||
| Clinical practice career (year) | <5 | 55 (31.8) | 2.54±0.26 | 1.159 (0.327) |
| 5≤10 | 77 (44.5) | 2.54±0.28 | ||
| 10≤15 | 22 (12.7) | 2.5±0.33 | ||
| 15≤ | 19 (11) | 2.42±0.2 | ||
| Working department | Warda | 108 (62.4) | 2.52±0.26 | 6.422 (0.000)* |
| ICUb | 28 (16.2) | 2.67±0.21 | ||
| ERa | 16 (9.2) | 2.51±0.3 | ||
| ORc | 21 (12.1) | 2.33±0.27 | ||
| Practice career as a preceptor (year) | <1 | 43 (24.9) | 2.54±0.28 | 1.112 (0.346) |
| 1≤3 | 66 (38.2) | 2.52±0.25 | ||
| 3≤5 | 28 (16.2) | 2.56±0.28 | ||
| 5≤ | 36 (20.8) | 2.45±0.27 | ||
| Experience for preceptorship education | Yes | 127 (73.4) | 2.5±0.29 | 0.935 (0.331) |
| No | 46 (26.6) | 2.55±0.21 | ||
| Education period per new nurse (week) | <4a | 60 (34.7) | 2.43±0.23 | 8.560 (0.000)* |
| 4≤8a | 95 (54.9) | 2.54±0.26 | ||
| 8≤b | 18 (10.4) | 2.71±0.34 | ||
| No. of new nurse per preceptor | 1~2/year | 130 (75.1) | 2.53±0.27 | 2.156 (0.141) |
| 3~4/year | 43 (24.9) | 2.46±0.21 | ||
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| Variables | Categories | N (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Age | 25~29 | 94 (54.3) |
| 30~39 | 65 (37.6) | |
| 40~49 | 14 (8.1) | |
| Marital status | Married | 59 (34.1) |
| Single | 114 (65.9) | |
| Education | Community College | 53 (30.6) |
| University | 109 (63) | |
| Graduate school | 11 (6.4) | |
| Clinical practice career (year) | <5 | 55 (31.8) |
| 5≤10 | 77 (44.5) | |
| 10≤15 | 22 (12.7) | |
| 15≤ | 19 (11) | |
| Working department | Ward | 108 (62.4) |
| ICU | 28 (16.2) | |
| ER | 16 (9.2) | |
| Surgical | 21 (12.1) | |
| Practice career as a preceptor (year) | <1 | 43 (24.9) |
| 1≤3 | 66 (38.2) | |
| 3≤5 | 28 (16.2) | |
| 5≤ | 36 (20.8) | |
| Experience for preceptorship education | Yes | 127 (73.4) |
| No | 46 (26.6) | |
| Education period per new nurse (week) | <4 | 60 (34.7) |
| 4≤8 | 95 (54.9) | |
| 8≤ | 18 (10.4) | |
| No. of new nurse per preceptor | 1~2/year | 130 (75.1) |
| 3~4/year | 43 (24.9) |
| Variables | M±SD | Assessment guideline (Female) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bottom 25% | Bottom 50% | Top 50% | Top 25% | ||
| Job demand | 73.14±12.75 | ≤50.0 | 50.1~58.3 | 58.4~66.6 | 66.7≤ |
| Organizational system | 56.83±14.53 | ≤41.6 | 41.7~50.0 | 50.1~66.6 | 66.7≤ |
| Lack of reward | 53.87±17.41 | ≤44.4 | 44.5~55.5 | 55.6~66.6 | 66.7≤ |
| Occupational climate | 47.91±16.83 | ≤33.3 | 33.4~41.6 | 41.7~50.0 | 50.1≤ |
| Insufficient Job control | 47.65±12.30 | ≤50.0 | 50.1~58.3 | 58.4~66.6 | 66.7≤ |
| Job insecurity | 41.44±23.25 | - | ≤33.3 | 33.4~50.0 | 50.1≤ |
| Interpersonal conflict | 38.84±16.81 | - | ≤33.3 | 33.4~44.4 | 44.5≤ |
| Total score of occup. Stress | 44.55±7.87 | ≤44.4 | 44.5~50.0 | 50.1~55.6 | 56.0≤ |
| Variables | Categories | N (%) | Job stress | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Occupational stress (total) | Job demand (subscale) | |||||
| M±SD | F or t (p) | M±SD | F or t (p) | |||
| Age | 25~29 | 94 (54.3) | 45.9±6.34a | 9.271 (0.000) |
73.99±12.54 | 2.703 (0.07) |
| 30~39 | 65 (37.6) | 41.57±8.66b | 70.73±12.62 | |||
| 40~49 | 14 (8.1) | 49.16±8.91a | 78.58±13.19 | |||
| Marital status | Married | 59 (34.1) | 41.5±8.78 | 14.475 (0.000) |
69.65±11.05 | 6.947 (0.009) |
| Single | 114 (65.9) | 46.12±6.86 | 74.94±13.23 | |||
| Education | Community college | 53 (30.6) | 46.17±7.45 | 2.216 (0.112) | 74.5±11.07 | 0.443 (0.644) |
| University | 109 (63) | 44.06±8.28 | 72.48±13.41 | |||
| Graduate school | 11 (6.4) | 41.45±2.33 | 73.1±14.16 | |||
| Clinical practice career (year) | <5 | 55 (31.8) | 44.81±6.31a | 10.072 (0.000) |
72.97±9.73 | 2.031 (0.112) |
| 5≤10 | 77 (44.5) | 45.57±7.64a | 74.62±14.33 | |||
| 10≤15 | 22 (12.7) | 37.01±7.33b | 67.23±11.97 | |||
| 15≤ | 19 (11) | 48.36±8.49a | 74.48±13.44 | |||
| Working department | Ward | 108 (62.4) | 44.21±8.63 | 0.873 (0.452) | 72.91±13.46 | 1.461 (0.228) |
| ICU | 28 (16.2) | 44.03±6.44 | 75.47±11.83 | |||
| ER | 16 (9.2) | 44.27±5.13 | 76.25±8.27 | |||
| OR | 21 (12.1) | 47.14±6.98 | 68.81±12.31 | |||
| Practice career as a preceptor (year) | <1 | 43 (24.9) | 44.19±5.89 | 3.152 (0.020) | 71.35±10.32 | 1.603 (0.191) |
| 1≤3 | 66 (38.2) | 46.69±6.91 | 74.84±13.42 | |||
| 3≤5 | 28 (16.2) | 42.7±8.18 | 75.5±12.86 | |||
| 5≤ | 36 (20.8) | 42.45±10.25 | 70.31±13.66 | |||
| Experience for preceptorship education | Yes | 127 (73.4) | 44.45±7.36 | 2.629 (0.211) | 73.45±13.27 | 0.278 (0.599) |
| No | 46 (26.6) | 43.03±8.69 | 72.29±11.25 | |||
| Education period per new nurse (week) | <4 | 60 (34.7) | 46.58±7.91 | 3.230 (0.041) | 70.35±13.08a | 4.965 (0.008) |
| 4≤8 | 95 (54.9) | 43.35±7.10 | 73.44±11.52a | |||
| 8≤ | 18 (10.4) | 44.02±10.28 | 80.84±15.02b | |||
| No. of new nurse per preceptor | 1~2/year | 130 (75.1) | 45.18±7.13 | 3.552 (0.060) | 73.85±12.67 | 1.646 (0.202) |
| 3~4/year | 43 (24.9) | 42.59±9.55 | 70.98±12.87 | |||
| Item | M±SD |
|---|---|
| The preceptor’s burden related to new nurses | |
| Do not understand the explanations of the new nurses | 3.23±0.78 |
| Do not follow a teaching protocol for new nurses | 3.18±0.89 |
| Repeating explanations of the same material | 3.08±0.77 |
| Go on to teach another new nurse without a break | 2.65±1.08 |
| Too full an education schedule to handle this at the same time | 2.64±1.12 |
| Feel that new nurses do not take their educational activity seriously | 2.51±1.19 |
| Have a good rapport with new nurses | 2.36±1.00 |
| Lack evaluation manuals related to education | 2.13±1.15 |
| Sub Total | 2.72±0.49 |
| The preceptor’s burden related to oneself | |
| Too busy to work within a limited time because of multiple duties | 3.54±0.61 |
| Lack of compensation for the preceptor | 3.09±0.83 |
| Perceive a gap between theory and practice in teaching activity | 2.68±0.89 |
| Expect that I must do well as a preceptor | 2.61±1.02 |
| Attend educational activities without professional knowledge | 2.55±0.96 |
| Have the same work schedule as the new nurse at the end of the teaching process | 2.43±1.04 |
| Lack confidence as a preceptor | 2.32±1.10 |
| Lack teaching manuals for new nurses | 2.29±0.89 |
| Perceive a role conflict as a preceptor | 2.24±0.84 |
| Lack of a formal training program for preceptors | 2.18±1.18 |
| Uncomfortable sensation that someone is following me at all times | 2.02±0.99 |
| New nurses’ questions too difficult to answer | 1.65±1.16 |
| Frequent transfer to other departments | 1.15±1.05 |
| Sub Total | 2.36±0.33 |
| The preceptor’s burden related to colleagues or others | |
| Interrupted by patients or their caregivers during education times | 2.84±0.88 |
| Colleagues’ excessive expectations of new nurse | 2.71±0.94 |
| Discord among preceptors related to the education of new nurse | 2.61±1.07 |
| Interrupted by colleagues during education time | 2.53±1.08 |
| Sub Total | 2.67±0.46 |
| Total | 2.53±0.28 |
| Variables | Categories | N (%) | Preceptor’s burden | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M±SD | F or t (p) | |||
| Age | 25~29 | 94 (54.3) | 2.53±0.27 | 1.265 (0.282) |
| 30~39 | 65 (37.6) | 2.52±0.28 | ||
| 40~49 | 14 (8.1) | 2.41±0.19 | ||
| Marital status | Married | 59 (34.1) | 2.48±0.28 | 1.692 (0.195) |
| Single | 114 (65.9) | 2.54±0.27 | ||
| Education | Community collegea | 53 (30.6) | 2.48±0.27 | 3.599 (0.021) |
| Universitya | 109 (63) | 2.51±0.27 | ||
| Graduate schoolb | 11 (6.4) | 2.72±0.14 | ||
| Clinical practice career (year) | <5 | 55 (31.8) | 2.54±0.26 | 1.159 (0.327) |
| 5≤10 | 77 (44.5) | 2.54±0.28 | ||
| 10≤15 | 22 (12.7) | 2.5±0.33 | ||
| 15≤ | 19 (11) | 2.42±0.2 | ||
| Working department | Warda | 108 (62.4) | 2.52±0.26 | 6.422 (0.000) |
| ICUb | 28 (16.2) | 2.67±0.21 | ||
| ERa | 16 (9.2) | 2.51±0.3 | ||
| ORc | 21 (12.1) | 2.33±0.27 | ||
| Practice career as a preceptor (year) | <1 | 43 (24.9) | 2.54±0.28 | 1.112 (0.346) |
| 1≤3 | 66 (38.2) | 2.52±0.25 | ||
| 3≤5 | 28 (16.2) | 2.56±0.28 | ||
| 5≤ | 36 (20.8) | 2.45±0.27 | ||
| Experience for preceptorship education | Yes | 127 (73.4) | 2.5±0.29 | 0.935 (0.331) |
| No | 46 (26.6) | 2.55±0.21 | ||
| Education period per new nurse (week) | <4a | 60 (34.7) | 2.43±0.23 | 8.560 (0.000) |
| 4≤8a | 95 (54.9) | 2.54±0.26 | ||
| 8≤b | 18 (10.4) | 2.71±0.34 | ||
| No. of new nurse per preceptor | 1~2/year | 130 (75.1) | 2.53±0.27 | 2.156 (0.141) |
| 3~4/year | 43 (24.9) | 2.46±0.21 | ||
| Predictors | B | SE | β | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Constant) | 2.478 | .024 | 105.158 | .000 | |
| Work department: OR | −.201 | .058 | −.239 | −3.448 | .001 |
| Education period per new nurse: Over 8 weeks | .258 | .062 | .287 | 4.175 | .000 |
| Education: Graduate school | .243 | .077 | .216 | 3.145 | .002 |
| Work department: ICU | .157 | .052 | .211 | 3.026 | .003 |
| F(p) | 11.825 (<.001) | ||||
| Adj R2 | 0.22 | ||||
Sheffe’s (p<.05).
Sheffe’s (p<.05).