동신대학교 상담심리학과
Department of Counseling Psychology, Dongshin University, Naju, Korea
Copyright: © The Korean Journal of Stress Research
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(The meta-analysis program used: R) ACT was shown to have larger effect sizes than MBSR in reducing depressive symptoms in a total of 15 effect sizes, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.643). The effect sizes were compared between the studies with the mixed-gender participants and those with the female subjects only. As a result of the analysis, the studies with female participants only were shown to have larger effect sizes than those with mixed-gender participants, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.138). The studies with more than 80 hours per session showed larger effect sizes than those with less than 80 hours per session, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.861). The studies with less than 9 sessions showed large effect sizes, which was not statistically significant (p=0.400).
(The meta-analysis program used: R) A total of 13 effect sizes were calculated over anxiety symptoms, and their weighted average was statistically significant with –0.49 (p<.001) and could be interpreted to be large with more than 0.8. The Q value, which tests the heterogeneity between the studies, was statistically significant with 45.82 (p<.001). A meta-regression analysis was performed to attempt to identify the causes of the heterogeneity between the studies.
(The meta-analysis program used: R) The difference in the effect sizes according to the mindfulness programs was identified. ACT was shown to have larger effect sizes than MBSR in reducing anxiety symptoms in a total of 15 effect sizes, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.632). The effect sizes were compared between the studies with the mixed-gender participants and those with the female subjects only. As a result of the analysis, the studies with mixed-gender participants were shown to have larger effect sizes than those with female participants only, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.982). The studies with less than 80 hours per session showed larger effect sizes than those with more than 80 hours per session, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.499). The studies with more than 9 sessions showed large effect sizes, which was not statistically significant (p=0.714).
Author of paper | Year | Size of effect | 95% CI | Weight | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower limit value | Upper limit value | ||||
Bae JH et al. | 2006 | −1.769 | −2.667 | −0.871 | 5.58 |
Chu KS. | 2007 | −0.884 | −1.730 | −0.038 | 5.80 |
Lee BG. | 2008 | −0.501 | −1.514 | 0.512 | 5.13 |
Kang MJ et al. | 2015 | −0.983 | −2.094 | 0.129 | 4.76 |
Kim MH et al. | 2011 | −0.091 | −0.851 | 0.669 | 6.16 |
Lee SY et al. | 2012 | −0.936 | −1.500 | −0.372 | 6.97 |
Lee YG et al. | 2012 | −1.313 | −2.357 | −0.270 | 5.01 |
Lee HS. | 2012 | −0.041 | −0.734 | 0.652 | 6.44 |
Park SR et al. | 2012 | 0.031 | −0.635 | 0.696 | 6.55 |
Park K et al. | 2013 | 0.064 | −0.949 | 1.076 | 5.13 |
Kim SY et al. | 2013 | 0.435 | −0.504 | 1.374 | 5.42 |
Jung YM. | 2014 | −0.455 | −1.129 | 0.220 | 6.51 |
Kang EH. | 2014 | −3.658 | −4.706 | −2.611 | 4.99 |
Cho IH. | 2014 | −0.725 | −1.348 | −0.102 | 6.73 |
Kim KN et al. | 2014 | −0.173 | −0.699 | 0.354 | 7.11 |
Overall | −0.718*** | −1.089 | −0.347 | −3.796 |
Moderator variable | Sub-category (No. of studies) | Size of effect | Verification of heterogeneity of the size of effect | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q | Degree of freedom | p | |||
Mindfulness technique | ACT (6) | −0.622 | 0.22 | 1 | 0.643 |
MBSR (11) | −0.784 | ||||
Gender | Mixed gender (9) | −0.697 | 2.2 | 1 | 0.138 |
Female (7) | −0.301 | ||||
Duration of one session | 80 min or less (6) | −0.362 | 0.03 | 1 | 0.861 |
80 min or more (11) | −0.752 | ||||
No. of session | 8 sessions or under (11) | −0.843 | 0.71 | 1 | 0.400 |
9 sessions or more (6) | −0.545 |
Predicator variable | Estimated value (slope) | Size of effect (SE) | 95% CI | Z | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower limit value | Upper limit value | |||||
Year of publication | 0.033 | 0.088 | −0.141 | 0.206 | 0.368 | 0.713 |
Intervention session | −0.047 | 0.184 | −0.408 | 0.313 | −0.257 | 0.797 |
Author of paper | Year | Size of Effect | 95% CI | Weight | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower limit value | Upper limit value | ||||
Bae JH et al. | 2006 | −0.849 | −1.642 | −0.056 | 6.68 |
Chu KS. | 2007 | −0.903 | −1.751 | −0.056 | 6.37 |
Kim MJ. | 2008 | −0.272 | −1.045 | 0.501 | 6.79 |
Lee JY. | 2008 | −2.074 | −3.207 | −0.941 | 4.94 |
Lee YG. | 2012 | −0.400 | −1.336 | 0.536 | 5.89 |
Lee SY et al. | 2012 | −0.357 | −0.895 | 0.181 | 8.18 |
Lee HS. | 2012 | −0.732 | −1.451 | −0.013 | 7.11 |
Park SR et al. | 2012 | 0.207 | −0.460 | 0.874 | 7.42 |
Park K et al. | 2013 | 0.417 | −0.606 | 1.439 | 5.45 |
Kim SY et al. | 2013 | 0.477 | −0.022 | 0.975 | 8.41 |
Jung YM. | 2014 | 0.141 | −0.525 | 0.807 | 7.42 |
Kang EH. | 2014 | −1.706 | −2.440 | −0.971 | 7.02 |
Kang MJ et al. | 2015 | −0.925 | −2.028 | 0.177 | 5.07 |
Overall | −0.494*** | −0.846 | −0.142 | −2.753 |
Moderator variable | Sub-category (No. of studies) | Size of effect | Verification of heterogeneity of the size of effect | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q | Degree of freedom | p | |||
Mindfulness technique | ACT (5) | −1.101 | 3.19 | 1 | 0.074 |
MBSR (10) | −0.694 | ||||
Gender | Mixed gender (8) | −0.392 | 0 | 1 | 0.983 |
Female (6) | −0.384 | ||||
Duration of one session | 80 min. or less (5) | −0.300 | 0.46 | 1 | 0.499 |
80 min. or more (10) | −0.586 | ||||
No. of sessions | 8 sessions or under (9) | −0.549 | 0.13 | 1 | 0.714 |
9 sessions or more (6) | −0.415 |
Predicator variable | Estimated value (slope) | Size of effect (SE) | 95% CI | Z | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Limit Value | Upper Limit Value | |||||
Year of publication | 0.050 | 0.068 | −0.083 | 0.183 | 0.734 | 0.463 |
No. of intervened sessions | −0.123 | 0.142 | −0.401 | 0.155 | −0.866 | 0.387 |
The size of effect is Hedes’s g-value (corrected size of effect). (The meta-analysis program used: R) A total of 15 effect sizes were calculated over depressive symptoms and the averaged effect size was statistically significant with −0.72 (p<.001).
(The meta-analysis program used: R) ACT was shown to have larger effect sizes than MBSR in reducing depressive symptoms in a total of 15 effect sizes, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.643). The effect sizes were compared between the studies with the mixed-gender participants and those with the female subjects only. As a result of the analysis, the studies with female participants only were shown to have larger effect sizes than those with mixed-gender participants, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.138). The studies with more than 80 hours per session showed larger effect sizes than those with less than 80 hours per session, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.861). The studies with less than 9 sessions showed large effect sizes, which was not statistically significant (p=0.400).
(The meta-analysis program used: R) When publishing years were put to use as predicting variables, the estimated value of the slope was not significant with −0.026 (p=0.738). The estimated value of the slope also in the number of the sessions was not statistically significant with −0.233 (p=0.741).
(The meta-analysis program used: R) A total of 13 effect sizes were calculated over anxiety symptoms, and their weighted average was statistically significant with –0.49 (p<.001) and could be interpreted to be large with more than 0.8. The Q value, which tests the heterogeneity between the studies, was statistically significant with 45.82 (p<.001). A meta-regression analysis was performed to attempt to identify the causes of the heterogeneity between the studies.
(The meta-analysis program used: R) The difference in the effect sizes according to the mindfulness programs was identified. ACT was shown to have larger effect sizes than MBSR in reducing anxiety symptoms in a total of 15 effect sizes, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.632). The effect sizes were compared between the studies with the mixed-gender participants and those with the female subjects only. As a result of the analysis, the studies with mixed-gender participants were shown to have larger effect sizes than those with female participants only, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.982). The studies with less than 80 hours per session showed larger effect sizes than those with more than 80 hours per session, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.499). The studies with more than 9 sessions showed large effect sizes, which was not statistically significant (p=0.714).
(The meta-analysis program used: R) When publishing years were put to use as predicting variables, the estimated value of the slope was not significant with 0.050 (p=0.463). The estimated value of the slope also in the number of the sessions was not statistically significant with −0.123 (p=0.387).