, 김보혜2
, 정재희1
, 김화정1
, 김예빈2
, Bohye Kim2
, Jaehee Jeong1
, Hwa Jeong Kim1
, Yebin Kim2
1서울대학교 간호대학 석사과정생
2서울대학교 간호대학 박사과정생
1Master’s Student, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
2Doctoral Student, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Copyright © 2024 Korean Society of Stress Medicine.
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Y: Yes, N: No, UC: Unclear, N/A: Not Applicable, Q1: Certainty of the cause and the effect, Q2: Similarity between the participants, Q3: Control of the history effect, Q4: Existence of the control group, Q5: Multiple measurements of outcome (pre/post), Q6: Completion of the follow-up, explanation of the attrition, Q7: The sameness of the measurement method, Q8: Reliability of measurement, Q9: Statistical appropriacy.
IMB: Information-motivational-behavioral skills, IC: Information construct, MC: Motivation construct, BSC: Behavioral skills construct, CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, PRSS: Peer Relational Skills Scale, CES-DC 11: Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression for Children, SCRS: Self-Control Rating Scale, KS scale: Integration of the internet (K-scale) and smartphone scale (S-scale), KS-II: Internet addiction scale for adolescent.
| Authors (Year) | Question number |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | Q9 | Score | |
| Kim D. I. et al. (2017) | Y | N | UC | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | 6/9 |
| Kim D. I. et al. (2020) | Y | N | UC | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | 6/9 |
| Kim H. S. et al. (2015) | Y | Y | UC | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | 7/9 |
| Kim H. J. et al. (2014) | Y | Y | UC | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | 7/9 |
| Mun & Lee (2015) | Y | Y | UC | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 8/9 |
| Park M. S et al. (2017) | Y | NA | UC | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | 5/7 |
| Yum J. Y. et al. (2016) | Y | Y | UC | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | 6/9 |
| Cho. H. S. et al. (2019) | Y | Y | UC | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 8/9 |
| Jo & Bang (2022) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9/9 |
| Authors (year) | Program session | Time | Period (weeks) | Intervention | Place/Instructor | Strategies according to IMB construct | Contents | Significant outcome variables |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kim D. I. et al. (2017) | 6 | 40 | 2-6 | Internet/Smartphone addiction | Each classroom in elementary school/Professionally trained preventive education instructor | IC: instruction, role play, quiz | 1st: Introducing program | The level of smartphone addiction (S-scale) (F=4.846, p<.028) |
| Prevention program | MC: discussion, | 2nd: Learning about the changes happening in my body | ||||||
| BSC: plan, game, discussion, | 3rd: Learning about the changes happening in my mind | The level of Internet addiction (K-scale) (F=0.042, p<0.838) | ||||||
| 4th: Finding alternative activities | ||||||||
| 5th: Learning about netiquette | Self -regulatory (F=6.033, p<.014) | |||||||
| 6th: Finalizing program | ||||||||
| Kim D. I. et al. (2020) | 6 | 40 | 2-3 | Smartphone addiction | I Will Center (Seoul)/Instructor | -IC: instruction, quiz, handout | 1st: Awareness | The level of smartphone addiction (S-scale) (F=3.752, p<.028) |
| Prevention program | -MC: game, discussion | 2nd: Acceptance | The level of Internet addiction (K-scale) (F=2.399, p<0.124) | |||||
| -BSC: plan, discussion, making activity | 3rd: Attitude | |||||||
| 4th: Online game addiction | Tolerance (p<.05) | |||||||
| 5th: SNS addiction | Good use of smartphone (F=.911, p=.171) | |||||||
| 6th: Summary | Expending life experience (p<.02) | |||||||
| Kim H. S. et al. (2015) | 12 | 40 | 6 | Smartphone addiction | Elementary school/Researcher | -IC: instruction, video, quiz, discussion | 1st: introducing program | The level of smartphone addiction (S-scale for preschooler) (F=2.59, p<0.12) (salience, impulsivity-compulsive use, tolerance, interpersonal conflict: p<.01) |
| Prevention program | -MC: group counselling, storytelling | 2nd-3rd: Smartphone recognition | ||||||
| -BSC: plan, game, group counselling, music activity | 4th-6th: Improving self-control | |||||||
| 7th-9th: Impulse control | ||||||||
| 10th-11th: Smart phone and family relationship | ||||||||
| 12th: Finalizing program | ||||||||
| Kim H. J. et al. (2014) | 12 | 40 | Not specified | Smartphone addiction | Elementary school/Counsellor | -IC: instruction, video, discussion, game | 1st: Introducing program | The level of smartphone addiction (S-scale) (F=545.8, p<.000) (Difficulties on Daily Living, Withdrawal, Tolerance, Virtual World Oriented: p= .00) |
| Prevention program | -BSC: role play, plan, group counselling, music activity | 2nd-4th: Smartphone recognition | ||||||
| 5th-6th: Improving self-control | ||||||||
| 7th-9th: Alternative activities | ||||||||
| 10th-11th: Impulse control | ||||||||
| 12th: Finalizing program | ||||||||
| Mun & Lee (2015) | 8 | 50 | 4 | Internet addiction | School health education room/ School nurse | -IC: instruction, video, discussion | 1st: Knowing the internet correctly | Self- regulation (SCRS) (F=5.17, p=.027) |
| Prevention program | -MC: group counselling | 2nd: Exploring life change from the internet | The level of internet addiction (KS) (F=39.39, p<.001) | |||||
| -BSC: plan, awarding | 3rd: Doing self-control | Hours of internet use per day (F=1.98, p=.165) | ||||||
| 4th: Doing self-understanding | ||||||||
| 5th: Controlling stress | ||||||||
| 6th: Calming oneself | ||||||||
| 7th: Improving interpersonal relationships | ||||||||
| 8th: Challenges for future dreams | ||||||||
| Park. M. S. et al. (2017) | 3 | 40 | 3 | Internet addiction | Elementary school/Researcher | -IC: instruction | 1st: Introduction of the program | The level of internet addiction (KS-II) (F=39.974, p=0.000) |
| Prevention program | -BSC: plan, discussion | The strong and weak points of Internet | ||||||
| The meaning of the internet addiction and its example | ||||||||
| Make the rule of your own – 1st | ||||||||
| 2nd: Evaluation of the previous program | ||||||||
| Effect of Internet use | ||||||||
| Make the rule of your own – 2nd | ||||||||
| Exploration of the alternatives of Internet | ||||||||
| 3rd: Evaluation of the previous program | ||||||||
| Understanding of the alternatives and its actual impact | ||||||||
| Yum J. Y. et al. (2016) | 1 | 30 | 1 | Smartphone addiction | Counseling room or classroom in the elementary school/Unknown | -IC: instruction, handout | 1st: Threat appraisal (The usage patterns of smartphones, the harmfulness and seriousness of smartphone addiction) | Threat appraisal (perceived severity, perceived vulnerability) (F=0.36, p=0.548) |
| Prevention program | -BSC: discussion | 2nd: Coping appraisal (The causes and prevention methods of smartphone addiction, smartphone prevention guidelines for daily life) | Coping appraisal (self efficacy) (F=0.51, p=0.478) | |||||
| Cho. H. S. et al. (2019) | 8 | 45 | 2 | Internet/Smartphone addiction | Community children’s center/Researcher | -IC: instruction, | 1st: Introducing program | The level of internet addiction (KS-II) (t=2.294, p<0.05) |
| Prevention program | -MC: sharing feeling, group counselling, art activity | 2nd: Checking smartphone /Internet usage patterns, assessing interpersonal relationship and lifestyle patterns | The level of smartphone addiction (S-scale) (t=2.294, p<0.05) | |||||
| -BSC: group counselling | 3rd: Reflecting on and expressing emotional words, identifying smartphone patterns and triggered emotions. | Depression (CES-D) (t=2.489, p<0.05) | ||||||
| 4th: Understanding myself and understanding differences with others | ||||||||
| 5th: Expressing myself, listening to and reflecting on others | ||||||||
| 6th: Exploring my strengths and weaknesses for positive interpersonal relationship | ||||||||
| 7th: enhancing time management skills | ||||||||
| 8th: encouragement for setting short-term goals | ||||||||
| Cho Jo & Bang (2022) | 12 | 90 | 12 | Smartphone addiction | Community children’s center/researcher | -IC: instruction, video | 1st-2nd: orientation and enhancing peer relationship | Peer relationships (PRSS) (p For group*time=0.047) |
| Prevention program | -MC: sharing feeling, art activities, game, discussion, role play | 3rd-4th: enhancing group cohesiveness, developing social skill and empathy | Depression (CES-DC 11) (p For group*time=0.010) | |||||
| -BSC: art activities, game, discussion | 5th-6th: Improving self-control and increasing positive affect | Self-control (SCRS) (p For group*time=0.688) | ||||||
| 7th-8th: Improving self-control and developing moral judgement | The level of smartphone addiction (S-scale) (p for group*time=0.039) | |||||||
| 9th-11th: Developing altruism, experiencing imitative behavior and imitative behavior | ||||||||
| 12th: finalizing program |
| IBM elements | Core elements | Kim D. I. et al. (2017) | Kim D. I. et al. (2020) | Kim H.S. et al. (2015) | Kim H. J. et al. (2014) | Mun & Lee (2015) | Park. M. S. et al. (2017) | Yum J. Y. et al. (2016) | Cho. H. S. et al. (2019) | Jo & Bang (2022) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Information | Awareness | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Motivation | Relationship | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| Emotion | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| Behavioral Skill | Self-control | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Impulse-control | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| Alternative activity | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Y: Yes, N: No, UC: Unclear, N/A: Not Applicable, Q1: Certainty of the cause and the effect, Q2: Similarity between the participants, Q3: Control of the history effect, Q4: Existence of the control group, Q5: Multiple measurements of outcome (pre/post), Q6: Completion of the follow-up, explanation of the attrition, Q7: The sameness of the measurement method, Q8: Reliability of measurement, Q9: Statistical appropriacy.
IMB: Information-motivational-behavioral skills, IC: Information construct, MC: Motivation construct, BSC: Behavioral skills construct, CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, PRSS: Peer Relational Skills Scale, CES-DC 11: Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression for Children, SCRS: Self-Control Rating Scale, KS scale: Integration of the internet (K-scale) and smartphone scale (S-scale), KS-II: Internet addiction scale for adolescent.