1서울대학교병원 간호본부 간호사
2국립안동대학교 간호학과 조교수
1Registered Nurse, Department of Nursing, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
2Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
Copyright © 2024 Korean Society of Stress Medicine.
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Exp.: experimental, Cont.: control, OGPPD: one group pretest-posttest design, G: group, CPTSD-I: complex post-traumatic stress disorder index, BSI-18: brief symptom inventory-18, ERS: emotion regulation scale, PSSS: perceived social support scale, PTSD: post-traumatic stress syndrome, IES-R-K: impact of event scale revised Korean, I: individual, AS: anger scale, K-CATS: Korea children’s automatic thoughts scale, MMPI-2: Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory-2, RCT: randomized controlled trial, ARC: attachment self-regulation and competency, ATST: attachment trauma screening tool, ATSC: attachment trauma symptoms scale, PTST: parent trauma screening tool, PATT: parent attachment type tool, PERT: parent emotional regulation tool, PSST: parent self-system tool, SUDS: subjective units of disturbance scale, CRTES-R: child reaction to traumatic events scale-revised, CTQ: childhood trauma questionnaire, CROPS: child report of posttraumatic symptoms, ER: ego-resiliency scale, IIP: inventory of interpersonal problems, CES-D: the center for epidemiologic studies-depression scale, SIQ: suicidal ideation questionnaire, -: nonreported.
Q1.1: Does the study address an appropriate and clearly focused question?, Q1.2: Are the subjects assigned to treatment groups in a randomized manner?, Q1.3: Is an adequate concealment method used?, Q1.4: Does the design keep subjects and investigators ‘blind’ about treatment allocation?, Q1.5: Are the treatment and control groups similar at the start of the trial?, Q1.6: Is the only difference between groups the treatment under investigation?, Q1.7: Are all relevant outcomes measured in a standard, valid, and reliable way?, Q1.8: What percentage of individuals or clusters recruited into each treatment arm of the study dropped out before the study was completed?, Q1.9: Are all the subjects analyzed in the groups to which they were randomly allocated (often referred to as intention to treat analysis)?, Q1.10: Where the study is carried out at more than one site, are the results comparable across all sites?, Q2.1: Is there a clear objective?, Q2.2: Are patients included consecutively?, Q2.3: Is the data collected prospectively?, Q2.4: Are the outcomes appropriate for the research objectives?, Q2.5: Are the study results evaluated without bias?, Q2.6: Is the follow-up period appropriate?, Q2.7: Is the dropout rate less than 5%?, Q2.8: Is the study sizecalculated prospectively?, Q2.9: Is there an appropriate control group?, Q2.10: Are the groups recruited simultaneously?, Q2.11: Are the baseline characteristics of the groups homogeneous?, Q2.12: Is the statistical analysis appropriate?. N: No, NA: not applicable, U: unclear, Y: yes, +: acceptable.
No. | 1st Author (year) | Study design | Subjects |
intervention |
Outcom |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exp. (n) | Cont. (n) | Trauma event Type | Setting | Program | Frequency/Duration | Time (min)/Session | Mode | Variables | Measurement period | Results | |||
1 | Kim (2018) | OGPPD | 31 | 0 | Sexual abuse | Personal | Art program | Weekly/20w | 120/20 | G | CPTSD-I, BSI-18, ERS, PSSS | Pre-post | PTSD symptom↓, Depression, Anxiety↓ |
Emotional regulation | |||||||||||||
Social support | |||||||||||||
2 | Kim (2017) | OGPPD | 36 | 0 | Suicidal event | School | School-based post-intervention program | Weekly/1d | 50-60/3 | G | IES-R-K | Pre-post | PTSD symptom↓ |
3 | Lee (2021) | OGPPD | 9 | 0 | Child | Personal | Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) | Weekly/4m | 50/12 | I | BSI-18, AS, K-CATS, CPTSD-I | Pre-post | Depression↓, Anxiety↓, Anger↓, Maladaptive automatic thinking↓, PTSD symptom↓ |
Abuse and neglect | |||||||||||||
4 | Ahn (2022) | OGPPD | 22 | 0 | Suicidal event | Personal | Sandplay therapy (SPT) | -/20w | -/15 | I | MMPI-2 | Pre-post | MMPI-2↓ |
5 | Lim (2022) | OGPPD | 60 | 0 | Child | Personal | Music Therapy | Weekly/15w | 50/10 | G | CPTSD-I | Pre-post | PTSD symptom↓, |
Abuse and neglect | |||||||||||||
6 | Ju (2023) | RCT | 7 | 5 | Child | Family | ARC-centric parent-child play therapy | Twice a week/1m | 80/8 | G | ATST, ATSC, PTST, PATT, PERT, PSST | Pre-post-later | Childhood attachment trauma symptom↓, Mother-child attachment enhancement↑ |
Abuse and neglect | |||||||||||||
7 | Kim (2017) | OGPPD | 533 | 0 | Suicidal event | School | School-based post-intervention program | once/1d | -/10 | G | IES-R, SUDS | Pre-post | Distress symptom↓, Subjective disturbance↓ |
8 | Jung (2014) | OGPPD | 213 | 0 | Suicidal event | School | Response of affect regulation therapy (ARGT) | Once/1d | 30/1 | G | CRTES-R, SUDS | Pre-post | Child reaction of trauma↓, Subjective disturbance↓ |
9 | Noh (2014) | RCT | 14 | 14 | Suicidal event | Personal | Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) | Twice a week/1m | 60/8 | G | CTQ, CRPOS, Self-Esteem Scale, ER, IIP | Pre-post-1m later | Ego resilience↑, PTSD symptom↓, Interpersonal problem↓ |
10 | Jang (2018) | OGPPD | 771 | 0 | Suicidal event | School | School-based post-intervention program | -/- | Mar-50 | G | IES-R-K, CES-D, SIQ | Pre-post | Distress symptom↓, Depression↓, Suicidal ideation↓ |
Variables | Categories | n (%) |
---|---|---|
Publication year | 2014~2019 | 6 (60.0) |
2020~2024 | 4 (40.0) | |
Study design | One group pretest-posttest design | 8 (80.0) |
Randomized controlled trial | 2 (20.0) | |
Sample size | ≤20 | 2 (20.0) |
21~100 | 5 (50.0) | |
≥101 | 3 (30.0) | |
PTSD type | Sexual abuse | 1 (10.0) |
Suicidal events | 6 (60.0) | |
Child abuse and neglect | 3 (30.0) | |
Age | Pre-school and elementary school | 4 (40.0) |
Middle and High school (Adolescents) | 3 (30.0) | |
Mixed | 3 (30.0) | |
Setting | Personal | 5 (50.0) |
School | 4 (40.0) | |
Family | 1 (10.0) | |
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) | 1 (10.0) | |
Intervention type | Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) | 1 (10.0) |
Art program | 2 (20.0) | |
Play therapy | 2 (20.0) | |
School based post-intervention program | 3 (30.0) | |
Affect regulation group therapy (ARGT) | 1 (10.0) | |
Group/Individual | Group | 8 (80.0) |
Individual | 2 (20.0) |
1. Randomized controlled trial |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st Author (year) | Q1.1 | Q1.2 | Q1.3 | Q1.4 | Q1.5 | Q1.6 | Q1.7 | Q1.8 | Q1.9 | Q1.10 | Overall quality | |
Ju (2023) | Y | Y | U | U | Y | Y | Y | 28.6% | U | Y | + | |
Noh (2014) | Y | Y | U | U | Y | Y | Y | 14.0% | U | Y | + | |
2. Non-randomized controlled trial |
||||||||||||
1st Author (year) | Q2.1 | Q2.2 | Q2.3 | Q2.4 | Q2.5 | Q2.6 | Q2.7 | Q2.8 | Q2.9 | Q.2.10 | Q.2.11 | Q.2.12 |
Kim (2018) | Y | Y | Y | Y | U | Y | Y | Y | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Kim (2017) | Y | U | Y | Y | U | Y | Y | Y | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Lee (2021) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Ahn (2022) | Y | Y | Y | Y | U | Y | Y | Y | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Lim (2022) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Kim (2017) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | U | Y | Y | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Jung (2014) | Y | Y | Y | Y | U | U | Y | Y | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Jang (2018) | Y | U | Y | Y | U | Y | U | U | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Choi (2014) | Y | U | Y | Y | U | U | U | U | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Exp.: experimental, Cont.: control, OGPPD: one group pretest-posttest design, G: group, CPTSD-I: complex post-traumatic stress disorder index, BSI-18: brief symptom inventory-18, ERS: emotion regulation scale, PSSS: perceived social support scale, PTSD: post-traumatic stress syndrome, IES-R-K: impact of event scale revised Korean, I: individual, AS: anger scale, K-CATS: Korea children’s automatic thoughts scale, MMPI-2: Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory-2, RCT: randomized controlled trial, ARC: attachment self-regulation and competency, ATST: attachment trauma screening tool, ATSC: attachment trauma symptoms scale, PTST: parent trauma screening tool, PATT: parent attachment type tool, PERT: parent emotional regulation tool, PSST: parent self-system tool, SUDS: subjective units of disturbance scale, CRTES-R: child reaction to traumatic events scale-revised, CTQ: childhood trauma questionnaire, CROPS: child report of posttraumatic symptoms, ER: ego-resiliency scale, IIP: inventory of interpersonal problems, CES-D: the center for epidemiologic studies-depression scale, SIQ: suicidal ideation questionnaire, -: nonreported.
Q1.1: Does the study address an appropriate and clearly focused question?, Q1.2: Are the subjects assigned to treatment groups in a randomized manner?, Q1.3: Is an adequate concealment method used?, Q1.4: Does the design keep subjects and investigators ‘blind’ about treatment allocation?, Q1.5: Are the treatment and control groups similar at the start of the trial?, Q1.6: Is the only difference between groups the treatment under investigation?, Q1.7: Are all relevant outcomes measured in a standard, valid, and reliable way?, Q1.8: What percentage of individuals or clusters recruited into each treatment arm of the study dropped out before the study was completed?, Q1.9: Are all the subjects analyzed in the groups to which they were randomly allocated (often referred to as intention to treat analysis)?, Q1.10: Where the study is carried out at more than one site, are the results comparable across all sites?, Q2.1: Is there a clear objective?, Q2.2: Are patients included consecutively?, Q2.3: Is the data collected prospectively?, Q2.4: Are the outcomes appropriate for the research objectives?, Q2.5: Are the study results evaluated without bias?, Q2.6: Is the follow-up period appropriate?, Q2.7: Is the dropout rate less than 5%?, Q2.8: Is the study sizecalculated prospectively?, Q2.9: Is there an appropriate control group?, Q2.10: Are the groups recruited simultaneously?, Q2.11: Are the baseline characteristics of the groups homogeneous?, Q2.12: Is the statistical analysis appropriate?. N: No, NA: not applicable, U: unclear, Y: yes, +: acceptable.