STRESS

Original Articles

Validity Evidence for the K-ULS-8: A Brief Korean UCLA-Based Loneliness Measure for University Student Stress-Related Mental Health Research: Wonjin Seo; STRESS. 2026;34(2):104-111. Published online June 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2026.34.2.104

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Background
Loneliness is relevant to stress-related psychological distress in young adults, but brief Korean UCLA-based measures require item-level validation.
Methods
Two independent Korean university student samples were analyzed. Study 1 (n=341 women) used exploratory factor analysis and Rasch rating scale modeling to derive a brief form from Kim’s 20-item Korean Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale adaptation. Study 2 (n=214) examined Rasch cross-validation, gender-related differential item functioning (DIF), and correlations with depressive symptoms and intrusive rumination.
Results
The final K-ULS-8 showed acceptable item fit in Study 1 (infit=.81~1.16, outfit=.74~1.14) and Study 2 (infit=.75~1.30, outfit=.72~1.18). Rating-scale thresholds were ordered, and the Rasch dimension explained 56.6% and 54.5% of raw variance in Studies 1 and 2, respectively. K-ULS-8 scores correlated strongly with the 20-item parent scale (r=.918) and positively with depressive symptoms (r=.639) and intrusive rumination (r=.345). Gender-related DIF evidence was preliminary: LON2 showed a potentially meaningful DIF signal, and LON11 showed cross-sample item-location instability but negligible gender DIF within Study 2.
Conclusions
The K-ULS-8 provides initial, sample-bound validity evidence as a low-burden measure of affective loneliness for Korean university student mental health and stress-related psychological distress research.

Validating a Short Version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12 (IUS-12): Somin Lee, Myoung-Ho Hyun, Jaeeun Shin; STRESS. 2023;31(3):97-105. Published online September 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2023.31.3.97

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3 Citations

Background
This study aims to validate the short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12 (IUS-12).
Methods
A comprehensive set of questionnaires, including the IUS-12, STAI-T, PSWQ, CES-D, and K-CSI, was administered and completed by 404 participants. The average age of the participants was 31.29 years (SD=9.18), comprising 114 men, 287 women, and 3 individuals identifying with the other gender. We conducted a factor analysis on the collected data and compared the fit indices of one-factor, two-factor, and bifactor models. Furthermore, a multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis evaluated measurement invariance between the men’s and women’s groups. Correlational analyses were also conducted.
Results
Data from the study show that the bifactor model was the most appropriate, demonstrating good internal consistency. The Omega coefficients and explained common variance were computed to evaluate the dimensionality of the IUS-12, validating the use of the total score of the scale. Its factor model also showed that the measurement invariance sustained between two gender groups. The correlation analyses between the IUS-12 and other scales assessing attributes such as trait anxiety, worry, depression, and avoidance coping strategy supported convergent validity.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that the IUS-12 is a reliable and valid measure for assessing the intolerance of uncertainty. The study also discusses its limitations and offers recommendations for future research endeavors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The impact of intolerance of uncertainty and job-seeking efficacy among nursing students: The mediating effect of planned happenstance skills
Chung Hee Woo, Ju Ah Kim
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2025; 31(2): 151. CrossRef
Simulated virtual reality experiences for predicting early treatment response in panic disorder
Byung-Hoon Kim, Jae-Jin Kim, Junhyung Kim, Jiook Cha, Sang-Won Jeon, Kang-Seob Oh, Dong-Won Shin, Sung Joon Cho
Frontiers in Digital Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Identifying Neurobehavioral Biomarkers of Anxiety and Treatment Response Using Virtual Reality, Electroencephalography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Related Multimodal Assessments: A Longitudinal Study Protocol
Hyemin Oh, Jiook Cha, Byung-Hoon Kim, Kang-Seob Oh, Young Chul Shin, Sang-Won Jeon, Sung Joon Cho, Junhyung Kim
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 15(1): 7. CrossRef

Development and Validation of Short Form of the Normal Depression Scale for Individual Screening: Soonmook Lee, Jong-Nam Kim, Jungmin Chae, Seungwon Choi, Dong Gi Seo; STRESS. 2018;26(4):277-289. Published online December 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2018.26.4.277

5,396 View
101 Download
2 Citations

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Background:

The purpose of this study is to develop a short form of the normal depression scale for individual use in the school, health, industry, organization, and counseling settings, based on the original normal depression scale (17 items).

Methods:

To achieve this purpose, we selected five items from the original test and analyzed data using Mplus 7.4 and SPSS 21.0.

Results:

The normal depression scale-short form consists of 5 items. The reliability of the short form (test-retest reliability) was good. The content validity and internal structure validity (1 factor model) were verified. The cut score between normal and dysfunctional depression was determined to be 18.

Conclusions:

The normal depression scale-short form for individual screening is verified to have good reliability and validity, so it is expected to be useful to perform quick screening of normal depression in the practical settings.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Development of a cyberbullying victimization scale for adolescents in South Korea
JongSerl Chun, Jinyung Kim, Serim Lee
Children and Youth Services Review.2023; 144: 106744. CrossRef
Comparative Genomics of Korean Infectious Bronchitis Viruses (IBVs) and an Animal Model to Evaluate Pathogenicity of IBVs to the Reproductive Organs
Seung-Min Hong, Hyuk-Joon Kwon, Il-Hwan Kim, Mei-Lan Mo, Jae-Hong Kim
Viruses.2012; 4(11): 2670. CrossRef

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