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Original Article
- Development and Validation of a Brief Measure of Hardiness for the Korean Population
- Kyung Hyun Suh
- STRESS. 2022;30(2):60-68. Published online June 30, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2022.30.2.60
- 5,148 View
- 78 Download
- 6 Citations
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Abstract
PDF - Background
This study developed and validated a brief tool to efficiently measure hardiness in the Korean population, considering that no such valid tool is available in Korean.
Methods
Data for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were obtained from 343 college students and data for internal consistency and confirmatory factor analyses were obtained from 570 college students. Test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and criterion-related validity were determined.
Results
Excellent model fits were shown for the 12-item brief measure of hardiness (BMH) with the following three factors: commitment (e.g., “When I open my eyes in the morning, I look forward to the day.”), self-directedness (e.g., “My decisions shape my life.”), tenacity (e.g., “I believe that failure is the mother of success.”). Each subscale consists of four items, using a six-point Likert scale. Cronbach’s α for commitment, self-directedness, tenacity, and the total BMH were .91, .85, .89, and .88, respectively. The BMH test−retest coefficient was .77, suggesting reliabilty of this tool. Analyses of the criterion− related validity revealed that the the BMH score was reasonably correlated with the scores on some sub-scales of the Personality Assessment Inventory.
Conclusions
Although other standardized scales may be required for diagnostic purposes, this study highlights the utility of the BMH as a brief and useful tool with relatively simple items to measure hardiness as a personality trait in the Korean population for research purposes. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Predictors for intention to avoid childbirth among Korean adult women of childbearing age
Hyunjoo Kim, Jae-Sun An, Kyung-Hyun Suh
Current Psychology.2025; 44(4): 2141. CrossRef - Predictors of Expectations for the Future Among Young Korean Adults
Jae-Sun An, Kyung-Hyun Suh
Behavioral Sciences.2025; 15(3): 391. CrossRef - Predictors for Enjoyment in Playing Musical Instruments with a Focus on Psychological Factors
Weiyi Zhao, Alexander Park, Qian Zhang, Kyung-Hyun Suh
Behavioral Sciences.2025; 15(8): 1077. CrossRef - Predictors of preparedness for well‐dying among middle‐aged and older adults
Sun‐Ae Kim, Jae‐Sun An, Kyung‐Hyun Suh
Psychogeriatrics.2024; 24(6): 1335. CrossRef - Psychological Predictors of Attitude toward Integrated Arts Education among Chinese College Students Majoring in the Arts
Yingke Ouyang, Alexander Park, Kyung-Hyun Suh
Behavioral Sciences.2024; 14(10): 869. CrossRef - Hardiness and Expectations for Future Life: The Roles of Perceived Stress, Music Listening for Negative Emotion Regulation, and Life Satisfaction
Alexander Park, Kyung-Hyun Suh
Behavioral Sciences.2023; 13(10): 852. CrossRef
- Predictors for intention to avoid childbirth among Korean adult women of childbearing age
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