Despite the implementation of several communication programs for nurses working in hospitals, no evidence-based systematic review has yet been conducted on their efficacy.

In this systematic review of communication programs for nurses, we searched for literature published between 2011 and 2020 in four foreign databases and one domestic database (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and RISS). The papers identified were evaluated on their quality using Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). The main search terms included “nurse”, “communication”, “program”, and “intervention.” Thirteen articles were included in the final analysis.

The communication programs utilized various teaching methods – such as simulation, reflection, and debriefing – with a majority of these programs significantly improving participants’ communication skills and performance. However, the overall quality of the studies was low concerning the randomization process and measurement; relatively few studies made use of online education methods. All variables assessed using self-reported measures were significant, but not all showed significant results when using objective measures as assessed by the evaluators.

The study’s findings suggest a need for programs dealing with nurses’ communication with health care providers in diverse clinical settings and online-based simulation programs. Moreover, high-quality literature applying the randomization process and measurement is required. Additionally, it is necessary to use both subjective and objective measures to evaluate the overall communication capacities of nurses and reflect the contextual characteristics of various clinical settings.

This study is a systematic review to explore factors affecting the quality of life (QOL) of spouses who have experienced bereavement.

We searched the literature in four foreign and one domestic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and RISS), using the search terms ‘bereavement’, ‘spouse’, and ‘quality of life’. A total of six articles were selected for final analysis by two researchers. Using the social ecological model, we categorized five domains affecting bereaved spouses’ QOL.

Studies were published between 2001 and 2010 and were surveyed in a total of five countries. The QOL of the participants was measured using various measurement tools, such as health-related QOL and life satisfaction. Using social ecological models, the factors affecting QOL among bereaved spouses were determined to be individual, interpersonal, organizational, community and policy factors.

Based on the analysis results, points for consideration are suggested, including the research design and direction of future research.

This study is an integrative review of literatures of research on emotion processing in depression using facial expression stimuli.

For the review, we searched domestic and international research articles over the past 20 years according to the integrative review procedure and selected the final 19 papers.

The results of the review revealed that depressed people, compared with those who were not depressed, had the following differences. First, they needed longer time for precise processing of emotion. Second, they managed to recognize positive emotion with high intensity while easily recognized negative emotions with low intensity. Third, they tended to overestimate the intensity of negative emotion. Fourth, they showed a negative interpretation bias to ambiguous or neutral facial expressions. Meanwhile, consistent results across the studies were not found for the variable of accuracy.

Our results suggest that it is necessary to develop more elaborate intervention program and design more sophisticated experiment for further coherent understanding of depression.

The purpose of this study was to review the literature to improve the understanding of life events of early schizophrenia and identify the related factors using an integrative review.

The key words, ‘schizophrenia’ and ‘life events’ were used to search peer-reviewed evidence through six electronic databases and 11 papers were selected.

The factors related to the life events of the early schizophrenia were as follows 1) social isolation, lack of self-efficacy, lack of coping as antecedents 2) depression as a mediating factor 3) precipitating role of psychotic symptoms as a consequence.

It is difficult to identify the causal relationship between life events and psychotic symptoms because there are methodological limitations and conflicting results. In the future, it will be necessary qualitative research on life events of early schizophrenia and intervention study applying related factors identified in this study.