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Variables | Normal-maintained vs. Normal-declined | Mildly impaired-maintained vs. Mildly impaired-declined |
---|---|---|
|
|
|
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Age (year) | 1.078 (1.019~1.139)** | 1.130 (1.042~1.226)** |
Gender (ref. female) | ||
Male | 0.892 (0.396~2.012) | 5.132 (1.062~24.794)* |
Education (ref. ≥high school) | ||
<High school | 1.653 (0.841~3.249) | 0.246 (0.042~1.440) |
Marital status (ref. married) | 0.830 (0.468~1.474) | 2.127 (0.875~5.172) |
Not married | ||
Household Income (ref. ≥20,000,000) | ||
<20,000,000 (KRW/year) | 2.000 (1.119~3.577)* | 0.578 (0.231~1.449) |
Duration of diabetes (year) | 1.018 (0.986~1.050) | 0.970 (0.923~1.020) |
No. of chronic conditions | 0.967 (0.652~1.435) | 0.978 (0.481~1.991) |
Hypertension (ref. no) | ||
Yes | 1.115 (0.557~2.234) | 1.849 (0.571~5.988) |
Heart disease (ref. no) | ||
Yes | 0.718 (0.296~1.742) | 0.230 (0.038~1.408) |
Cerebrovascular disease (ref. no) | ||
Yes | 1.298 (0.406~4.149) | 8.237 (0.594~114.213) |
Self-rated health status (ref. good) | ||
Poor | 1.983 (1.129~3.483)* | 0.629 (0.241~1.643) |
Depressive symptoms (CESD) | 0.967 (0.843~1.019) | 0.978 (0.481~1.991) |
Current Smoking (ref. not smoking) | ||
Smoking | 1.732 (0.845~3.552) | 1.068 (0.265~4.305) |
Alcohol (ref. non-alcohol use) | ||
Alcohol use | 1.727 (0.874~3.415) | 0.179 (0.031~1.031) |
Exercise (ref. not exercise) | ||
Exercise | 0.923 (0.561~1.519) | 0.907 (0.354~2.323) |
BMI | 0.834 (0.628~1.106) | 1.242 (0.781~1.973) |
Grip strength | 0.967 (0.920~1.017) | 0.980 (0.895~1.073) |
ADL | 0.520 (0.239~1.131) | 2.901 (0.758~11.108) |